反宗教主题与休谟的《人性论》之谜——评保罗·拉塞尔对《人性论》的反宗教解读

The Irreligious Theme and the Riddle of Hume's Treatise——On Paul Russell's Irreligious Interpretation of Hume's Treatise

如何处理《人性论》中的怀疑主义和自然主义两个层面,是学界长期争论的问题。出于对现有解读的不满,拉塞尔提出了反宗教解读,认为无论是树立关于人类本性的自然主义观念,还是为了建立世俗道德而展开的怀疑主义攻击,休谟的最终目标都在于反宗教。这种新颖解读可以在休谟的历史语境、思想渊源和特定文本的研究上带来启发,但由于在立场和方法上存在缺陷,它无法真正解决《人性论》之谜。要处理《人性论》之谜,更可行的方法是回到自然主义解读中并对休谟哲学中的不同层面进行调和,而拉塞尔反宗教解读的贡献在于它能够为这种调和提供重要启示。

It is a riddle about how to reconcile the skepticism and naturalism in Hume's Treatise.As unsat⁃isfied with the traditional interpretations,Paul Russell brings up his irreligious interpretation.He holds that the irreligion is the fundamental purport of Treatise,for which Hume sets up the naturalistic belief of human nature and the skeptical attack for establishing a secular moral.Although this novel interpretation could bring some in⁃spirations of Hume's historical background,origin of thought and text analysis,there are some fatal defects in its standpoint and methods,which make it fail to resolve the riddle of Treatise.The better way to resolve this riddle is back to the naturalistic interpretations and reconcile the different aspects in Hume's Treatise.The contribution of Russell's irreligious interpretation is that it provides some important ideas for this reconciliation.