芝麻种质对蒴腐病和黑斑病抗性鉴定与评价

Identification and Evaluation of Sesame Germplasm Resources Resistant to Black Spot and Capsule Rot

芝麻黑斑病和蒴腐病是生产上最重要的病害之一,严重影响芝麻产量和品质。在田间通过人工接种,开展芝麻种质资源抗芝麻黑斑病和蒴腐病特性鉴定与评价,筛选抗病品种,为芝麻抗病育种提供亲本资源,为田间病害防治提供技术指导。2020-2021年,采用人工接菌方法,开展了84份芝麻种质资源对黑斑病(Alternaria sesami)和蒴腐病(Alternaria alternata)田间抗病性鉴定与评价。鉴定结果表明:在84份芝麻种质资源中,对黑斑病表现抗(R)的资源15份,占鉴定资源总数的17.86%;表现中抗(MR)的资源29份,占总数的34.52%;表现感(S)的资源30份,占总数的35.71%;表现高感(HS)的资源10份,占总数11.90%;未发现对芝麻黑斑病高抗(HR)的资源。对蒴腐病表现高抗(HR)的资源7份,占总数的8.33%;表现抗(R)的资源25份,占总数的29.76%;表现中抗(MR)的资源26份,占鉴定资源总数的30.95%;表现感(S)的资源22份,占鉴定资源总数的26.19%;表现高感(HS)的资源4份,占鉴定资源总数4.76%。在供试的芝麻种质资源中,鉴定出兼抗黑斑病和蒴腐病的资源6份,分别为湖南资源1129、97-6、辽芝9号、辽品芝2号、赣芝11、冀芝1号,抗病级别均为R级。研究发现,参试材料中对黑斑病和蒴腐病的抗感数量存在明显的差异,抗蒴腐病的资源数量明显多于抗黑斑病资源。

Black spot(Alternaria sesami)and capsule rot(Alternaria alternata)of sesame,as one of the most important diseases,seriously cause the reduction of yield and quality in sesame.The identification and evaluation of sesame germplasm resistant against both diseases were carried out by artificial inoculation in the field,in order to provide elite parent resources for disease resistance breeding and guidance for disease control.In 2020 and 2021,the 84 sesame germplasm resources were evaluated for resistance to both diseases.15 accessions were resistant to black spot(R;17.86%of tested resources),and 29 accessions were moderate resistant(MR;34.52%).30 accessions were susceptible(S;35.71%),and 10 accessions were highly susceptible(HS;11.90%).No accession showing immune and highly resistance(HR)was identified.For capsule rot,there were seven accessions showing highly resistance(HR;8.33%),25 showing resistant(R;29.76%),26 showing moderately resistant(MR;30.95%),22 showing susceptible(S;26.19%),as well as four resources showing high susceptibility(HS;4.76%).Six accessions,such as Hunan sesame 1129,97-6,Liaozhi 9,Liaopinzhi 2,Ganzhi 11,Jizhi 1,were resistant to both diseases.The number of resistant resources to capsular rot was significantly more than the number of accessions showing black spot resistance.