组合仿生跨介质飞行器设计及流固耦合性能研究

Design of Combined Bionic Trans-media Vehicle and Research on Fluid-solid Coupling Performance

针对已有采用溅落方式入水的跨介质固定翼飞行器存在的机翼变构能力弱、气/水动性能尚有提升空间等问题,基于组合仿生理念提出了一种跨介质飞行器的设计方案。通过拼合翠鸟头部和龙虱身体构建了组合仿生机身外形,并参照鸟类翅翼设计了能够进行复杂变构型的仿生变体机翼,大幅提高了跨介质飞行器对多种运行模式和工况的适应性。在总体参数设计的基础上,通过数值仿真方法完成了空中飞行状态下气动特性分析和介质跨越过程流固耦合特性分析,进一步探究了组合仿生飞行器的特点。结果表明,所设计多种机翼构型可满足不同工况需求,组合仿生机身方案与传统流线型机身方案相比,空中飞行阻力系数减小13.1%,升阻比提高2.8%,入水过程最大冲击载荷降低20.9%,最大过载减小39.4%。文中所做的工作能够为跨介质飞行器的实现提供新的思路。

In this paper,aiming at the weakness of wing’s morphing ability and aero-hydrodynamic performance of the existing trans-media fixed-wing aircraft that entries water by splashing,a design scheme for a trans-media vehicle based on the concept of combined bionics is proposed.The combinatorial bionic shape of fuselage is constructed by combining the head of alcedo atthis bengalensis and the body of predacious diving beetle,and the design of the bionic morphing wing capable of complex morphing is completed with reference to the bird wing.As a result,the adaptability of the trans-media vehicle to various operating modes and working conditions is greatly improved.Based on the overall parameter design,the analysis of aero-dynamic characteristics in the air flight state and fluid-solid coupling characteristics of the medium crossing process in the air flight state are completed by numerical simulation method,the characteristics of the combined bionic aircraft are also further explored.The results show that the designed multiple wing configurations can meet the needs of different working conditions.Compared with the traditional streamlined fuselage solution,the combined bionic fuselage solution reduces the drag coefficient by 13.1% and increases the lift-to-drag ratio by 2.8%when flying in air,the maximum impact load is reduced by 20.9% and the maximum overload is reduced by 39.4% in the water entry process.The work in this paper can provide new ideas for the realization of trans-media vehicle.