从汗国都城到帝国象征——后金/清中前期盛京城的层累形成

From the Capital of Khanate to the Symbol of Empire The Accumulative Formation of Mukden in the Later Jin and the Early Qing

从后金/清政权的身份建构与政治制度出发,试图解释:努尔哈赤出于对金朝完颜氏的崇敬,其营建的东京城是对金东京的演绎;皇太极则以东京城为原型对沈阳城格局进行改造,同时为了多民族国家的建构,在都城营建中引入了汉文化传统营城观念与佛教思想。康熙出于对“国家肇基”的重视以及为了突出满洲传统,以营帐为原型加建了盛京外城。并指出清代盛京城市形态并非受某单一原型影响,而是不同时期不断层累的进程。

Starting from the identity construction and political system of the Later Jin and Manchu Qing, this paper attempts to explain that Nurhachi’s construction of Dongjing City is an interpretation of Jin’s Dongjing out of his admiration of the WanYan clan of Jin dynasty, while Huang Taiji transformed the spatial pattern of Shenyang City using Dongjing City as the prototype, in which he also introduced Chinese traditional city planning concept and religious thought to build a multi-ethnic nation.Paying homage to the “foundation of the nation” and the Manchu tradition, Emperor Kangxi added an outer city to Mukden based on the form of the camp. The paper pointed out that the city form of Mukden in Qing dynasty results from continuous accumulation in different time periods instead of a single prototype.