纳米银在多孔介质中的迁移过程与机制研究进展

Research progress on the transport process and mechanism of silver nanoparticles in porous media

纳米银(AgNPs)作为消费品中最常用的人工纳米材料,由于其优异的抗菌性能,在织物、医疗设备和食品及饮料包装中广泛使用.AgNPs可通过大气沉降、地表水径流、污水灌溉和生物污泥的土地施用等多种途径进入土壤等多孔介质,甚至进入地下水.AgNPs进入环境后可在动物和植物体内累积并产生毒性效应,对生态环境构成危害.因此,全面了解AgNPs在土壤等多孔介质中的迁移过程对正确评估其环境归趋和生态效应具有重要的理论和现实意义.本文针对近年来已发表的不同表面稳定剂、环境有机质、土壤矿物及微生物等对AgNPs性质及在多孔介质中迁移过程中产生的影响进行了全面的总结,并就目前研究中存在的问题和后续研究的发展方向进行了展望.

Silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)are the most commonly used engineered nanomaterials in consumer products,serving primarily as antimicrobial agents in fabrics,medical devices and food and beverage packaging.AgNPs enter the soil via multiple pathways,including atmospheric deposition,stormwater runoff,wastewater irrigation and land application of wastewater treatment biosolids.They are potential to migrate in porous media into ground water.Additionally,they may accumulate in plants and animals,and then pose potential threats to ecological environment.Thus,it is of critical significance to thoroughly understand the transport of AgNPs in soils and to assess their environmental behaviors,fate,and ecological effects.This article curates the related references which have been published in recent years,and summarizes the effects of different stabilizing agents,organic matters,soil minerals and microorganisms on the properties of AgNPs and their transport in porous media.Finally,the advancement direction was prospected.