国家规划视角下的俄罗斯住房保障政策效果及其启示借鉴

Effect of Russia’s Housing Security Policy from the Perspective of National Planning and Its Inspiration

苏联解体以来,俄罗斯通过国家规划引领住房保障政策发展,基本实现了“居者有其屋”,并接近于“居者有产权”的立法目标,住房可支付性指数也进入最高等级。期间,住房政策工具由最初的专项规划、优先项目发展到统一的国家住房规划《保障俄罗斯公民优惠舒适的住房和公用服务》,最后演变为住房领域的“国家项目”,是俄罗斯政府在国内外形势变化的背景下,履行住房保障主体责任、优化住房保障参与方式、追求住房保障政策效果的有益尝试。我国中央经济会议在部署2021年政府重点工作时,再次提出“房住不炒”的定位,为此需要参考其他国家的先进经验并引入适当的政策工具。本文深入分析了俄罗斯住房规划的发展历程、特征与效果,以期为我国住房发展规划的完善和住房保障水平的提升提供一定的借鉴意义。

Since the disintegration of the Soviet Union,Russia has led the development of housing security policies through national planning,and has basically achieved the “homeownership” and close to the legislative goal of “ownership rights”,and the housing affordability index has also entered the highest level.During the period,the housing policy tool developed from the initial special plan and priority projects to the unified national housing plan “Ensuring Preferential and Comfortable Housing and Public Services for Russian Citizens”,and finally evolved into a “national project” in the housing field,reflecting the Russian government’s attempt to fulfill the main responsibility of housing security,optimize the way of participation in housing security,and pursue the effects of housing security policies under the background of changes in the domestic and international situation.When the Central Economic Conference of China deployed the government’s key tasks in 2021,it once again proposed the positioning of “housing to live without speculation”.For this,it is necessary to refer to the advanced experience of other countries and introduce appropriate policy tools.In-depth analysis of the development process,characteristics and effects of Russian housing planning has certain reference significance for the improvement of China’s housing plans and the housing security.