上海市徐汇区儿童家长对EV71疫苗接种意愿及Logistic影响因素分析

Analysis of EV71 vaccination willingness and its influencing factors among parents of children in Xuhui District of Shanghai

目的 了解上海市徐汇区5岁及以下儿童家长对手足口病EV71疫苗接种意愿及影响因素,为更好推广EV71疫苗接种提供决策信息。方法 采用整群抽样在徐汇区13个社区预防接种门诊,每家随机抽取72名5岁及以下儿童家长,通过手机扫描二维码对EV71疫苗接种情况等方面进行问卷调查,采用SPSS 20.0软件进行单因素和Logistic多因素分析。结果 共调查943名5岁及以下儿童家长,其中未接种疫苗儿童537名(56.95%);在未接种组中71.69%家长有意愿为孩子接种,73.18%家长知道EV71疫苗;51.40%家长知晓疫苗只预防EV71型手足口病;接种EV71疫苗后仍有可能感染手足口病,仍愿意为孩子接种64.62%(347/537);接种意愿多因素Logistic回归显示:儿童年龄(OR=0.32,95%CI:0.11~0.96)、家长知晓手足口病除EV71外还有其他病原体(OR=2.49,95%CI:1.22~5.08)、疫苗只预防EV71型手足口病但仍愿意接种(OR=0.02,95%CI:0.01~0.03)、通过互联网、微信等获取手足口病和疫苗相关知识(OR=0.41,95%CI:0.21~0.79)是接种意愿的影响因素。结论 手足口病EV71疫苗接种率较低,接种意愿较高,受儿童年龄、知晓手足口病和疫苗相关知识、获取知识途径的影响,因此健康教育须有针对性,以提高其接种率,降低发病率。

Objective To understand the vaccination willingness of EV71 vaccine among parents of children aged 5 and below in Xuhui District of Shanghai, and provide decision-making information for better promotion of EV71 vaccine. Methods A cluster sampling method was used in 13 community vaccination clinics in Xuhui District.72 parents of children aged 5 and below were randomly selected from each community.A questionnaire survey was conducted on EV71 vaccination situation, knowledge, attitude and behavior by scanning two-dimensional code of mobile-phone.SPSS 20.0 software was used for statistical univariate and logistic multivariate analysis. Results A total of 943 parents of children aged 5 and below were investigated, including 537(56.95%)children who had not received vaccine.In the unvaccinated group, 71.69% of parents were willing to vaccinate their children and 73.18% knew about EV71 vaccine.51.40% of parents knew that the vaccine only prevented EV71 HFMD.64.62% were still willing to vaccinate their children against HFMD after EV71 vaccination.Multivariate logistic regression analysis of vaccination intention showed that children′s age(OR=0.32,95%CI:0.11-0.96)and parents′ awareness of other pathogens in HFMD besides EV71(OR=2.49,95%CI:1.22-5.08),knowing that the vaccine only protects against EV71 HFMD while still willing to be vaccinated(OR=0.02,95%CI:0.01-0.03),obtaining the knowledge of HFMD and its vaccine through Internet, Wechat, etc.(OR=0.41,95%CI:0.21-0.79)were the influencing factors of vaccination willingness. Conclusion The actual vaccination rate of EV71 vaccine of HFMD is low while the vaccination willingness is high.The vaccination willingness is affected by the age of children, parents′ knowledge of HFMD and its vaccine and the way to obtain knowledge.Therefore, health education should be targeted to improve the vaccination rate and reduce the incidence of HFMD.