论《民法典》视域下虚假基础合同中的有追索权保理

Recourse Factoring in the False Basic Contract from the Perspective of“Civil Code”

在《民法典》视域下,保理合同在法律定性上可视为一种特殊的债权让与。有追索权保理的法律性质则为具有担保功能的债权让与,债务人为第一还款义务人,当债务人没有清偿能力或拒绝支付款项时,债权人才承担此项债务的清偿义务。在债务人、债权人、保理商及保证人四方当事人关系下,因虚假应收账款的出现,在债权届期后保理商可因保理法律关系向债务人、债权人及担保人主张付款权利。即使债务人没有订立虚假基础合同之恶意,只要保理商成功地举证其尽到了相应的注意义务,则其不仅有权向应收账款债务人主张相应的债权,还有权请求撤销保理合同,同时要求债权转让人承担返还财产、赔偿损失等民事责任。

Factoring contracts,from the perspective of the“Civil Code”,can be characterized as a special creditor’s right.The nature of the recourse factoring is the assignment with guarantee to repay,and the debtor is the first repayment obligor.When the debtor is unable or refuses to pay,the creditor will resume the obligation to pay off the debt.Among the relationship between the debtor,the creditor,the factor and the guarantor,due to the occurrence of false accounts receivable,the factor can claim the payment from the debtor,creditor and guarantor in accordance with the factoring legal relationship at the time the debt is due.Even if the debtor enters into a false basic contract without malicious intent,the factor,if successfully proving that he is not in breach of the duty of care,has the right not only to claim the right to payment owed by the debtor of the accounts receivable,but also to cancel the factoring contract,seek for redresses such as return of property and compensation.