论黄土地质灾害链(二)

On loess geohazards chain(2)

黄土地质灾害链是黄土灾害领域研究的热点新命题,水源型黄土地质灾害链在黄土高原地区最为普遍。从土体状态的变化角度出发,其演化过程可以概括为连续固体、变形体、破裂体、散体、流体5种宏观土体状态的变化过程。连续固体向变形体转化涉及到的灾种主要是黄土湿陷、地面沉降,经历水沿界面入渗、水-界面作用、界面松动、湿陷沉降4个过程。变形体向破裂体转化中涉及到的灾种主要是黄土地裂缝、塌陷,最终影响坡体整体变形。破裂体向散体转化中涉及到的灾种主要是黄土崩塌、滑坡,经历黄土崩滑启动脱离边坡母体的过程、土体脱离斜坡母体后形成散体过程及散体的运动2个过程。散体向流体转化中涉及到的灾种主要是黄土泥流,分别从链生模式、控制因素及转化特征等方面分析了这一转化过程。望以上认识能为黄土地质灾害链的系统性研究提供一定的理论支撑和科学参考。

The loess geohazards chain is a hot and new topic in the study of loess disaster.Especially in the Loess Plateau,the loess geohazards chain caused by water is the most widespread.During the evolution process of the-loess geohazards chain,the soil state can be summarized as the transformation process of five macroscopic soil states:continuous soil,deformed soil,broken soil,loose soil,and fluid soil.The hazards involved in the transfor-mation of continuous soil to deformed soil are mainly collapse and settlement.And mainly experienced four process-es of water infiltration along the structure plane,interaction between water and structure plane,the structure plane begin loosening and collapse and settlement.The hazards involved in the transformation of deformed soil to broken soil are mainly ground fissure and loess cave,which caused the slope to deform as a whole.The hazards involved in the transformation of broken soil to loose soil are mainly dilapidation and landslide.And mainly experienced two pro-cesses of loess dilapidation and landslide start to break away from the slope,the formation process of loose soil and the movement of loose soil.The hazards involved in the transformation of loose soil to fluid are mainly loess mud flow.And analyzing the transformation process in three aspects of initiation modes,factors and transformation.Hoped that these results can provide certain theoretical support and scientific reference for the systematic research of the loess geohazards chain.