山西省不可移动文物洪涝灾害风险研究

Research on flood disaster risk of immovable cultural relics in Shanxi Province

不可移动文物作为文化遗产中占地面积大且相对较难保护的重要组成部分,在面临洪涝灾害风险时所受损害的风险相对较大。针对不可移动文物洪涝灾害风险防范需求,以山西省三类全国重点文物保护单位(古遗址、古建筑、石窟寺及石刻)共422个为例,基于自然灾害风险评估理论,从致灾因子、孕灾环境及文物本体3个方面构建洪涝灾害对不可移动文物风险评估方法,以山西省域尺度下洪涝灾害对不可移动文物风险进行评估研究。结果表明:山西省整体呈现南高北低的趋势,在空间分布上南部地区的洪涝风险相对较高;时间分布上而也存在显著差异,洪涝风险在7月份达到峰值,汛期相对其他时期较高,主要集中于夏季(7~9月)。洪涝灾害风险时空分布差异结果可为不可移动文物防灾减灾规划与监测防范措施提供科学参考。

Immovable cultural relics,an important part of the cultural heritage,occupy a large area and are rela-tively difficult to protect.They have relatively high risk of damage when exposing to flood disasters.In order to im-prove the capabilities of prevention on food disaster for immovable cultural relics,this study proposed a risk assess-ment method based on the theory of natural disaster risk assessment,and took 422 National Ancient Sites(includ-ing three types:ancient sites,ancient buildings,cave temples and stone carvings)in Shanxi province as an exam-ple.We built the evaluation method about flood disaster risk for immovable cultural relics from three aspects:haz-ard factors,disaster formative environment and hazard bearing body of cultural heritages.The results showed that the topography of Shanxi Province presented a trend of high in the south and low in the north.In terms of spatial dis-tribution,the risk of flooding in the south was relatively high;furthermore,there were also significant differences in time distribution.The flood risk from July to September was higher than other months,and reached the highest in July.The results of differences in the temporal and spatial distribution of flood disaster risk could provide scientific reference for disaster prevention and mitigation planning for immovable cultural relics.