太空治理规则:倡议竞争、合作困境及未来出路

Space Governance:Contending Proposals,Cooperation Dilemma,and Implications for the Future

太空治理属于全球治理的范畴,也是全球治理的重要领域。冷战时代确立的太空治理规则,有利地维护了美苏两极太空格局,构建了有利于美苏的全球太空秩序。然而,冷战结束后,随着太空技术的扩散,冷战时代的太空治理规则无法适应太空商业化、太空武器化与太空军事利用等挑战。为此,国家行为体和非国家行为体围绕太空治理规则在联合国框架内外提出了多个倡议。这些太空治理规则倡议主要围绕太空军备控制、太空和平利用等问题展开。太空治理规则倡议的竞争,归根到底还是国家行为体为谋求有利于己的太空秩序的尝试。新规则难以确立的原因是多方面的,但是太空增量的竞争以及全球治理观念的深入,是破解规则停滞的重要力量。构建以联合国为主导的多边、多层次的公平公正的太空治理规则,是构建稳定的全球太空秩序的基础,有利于太空命运共同体的建设。

Space governance is an important area of global governance.The rules of space governance established in the Cold War era served to maintain the US-Soviet bipolar dominance in space and built a global space order favorable to the two superpowers.However,with the post-Cold War proliferation of space technology,the Cold War-era rules could not meet the challenges of the commercialization,weaponization and military utilization of space.In response,several space governance proposals have been made by state and non-state actors,within or outside the UN framework.These proposals mainly revolve around the issues of space arms control and peaceful use of space.The competition for space governance rules,however,is ultimately an attempt by state actors to seek a space order that is beneficial to them.The establishment of UN-led multilateral,multi-level,fair and equitable space governance is the basis for building a stable global space order and is conducive to the construction of a community with a shared future in space.