美日城市中心型以公共交通为导向开发片区的土地利用及空间形态对比研究

A Comparative Study on Land Use and Spatial Forms of Urban-Centered TOD Areas in the US and Japan

为了应对在快速城市化背景下由社会、经济、文化、交通等因素多维复合引发的一系列城市问题,研究者纷纷将目光投向了以公共交通为导向的城市土地开发(TOD)模式。以美日典型城市中心型TOD片区为研究案例,对其交通特征、空间形态和土地利用特征展开对比分析。首先,分析美日TOD模式的一般特征,提出城市中心型TOD片区的划分依据,阐明研究案例的选取原则和基础信息;其次,以美国阿灵顿郡B-R廊道片区、日本横滨市港未来线片区为例,从交通特征、空间形态和土地利用三方面进行对比分析;最后,总结美日城市中心型TOD片区的特征,从交通体系、土地利用和空间形态视角分析差异成因,以期为当前国内同类TOD片区的设计和实践研究提供参照。

In order to deal with a series of urban problems caused by social,economic,cultural,transportation and other multidimensional factors under the background of rapid urbanization,researchers have turned to the public transport-oriented urban land development(TOD)mode.The typical TOD areas in the United States and Japan were taken as a case study,and its traffic characteristics,spatial from and land use characteristics were compared and analyzed.Firstly,the general characteristics of TOD models in the United States and Japan were analyzed,the basis for the division of urban-centered TOD areas was proposed,and the selection principles and basic information of research cases were expounded.Secondly,taking the B-R corridor area in Arlington County of the United States and the Minatomirai Line area in Yokohama City of Japan as examples,a comparative analysis was conducted from three aspects:traffic characteristics,spatial form and land use.Finally,the characteristics of urban-centered TOD areas in the United States and Japan were summarized,and the causes of differences were compared from the perspectives of transportation system,land use and spatial form,in order to provide a reference for the design and practice of similar TOD areas in China.