厌氧氨氧化脱氮强化途径的研究进展

Research advance on enhanced approaches of Anammox-based nitrogen removal

厌氧氨氧化工艺作为一种经济高效的新型生物脱氮技术,近年来受到了极大的关注。然而厌氧氨氧化菌世代周期长、对生存环境敏感、容易受抑制等诸多问题导致厌氧氨氧化工艺启动时间长及运行稳定性差,限制了其在实际废水处理中的应用。有效的厌氧氨氧化强化措施有望解决这一问题。介绍了国内外关于厌氧氨氧化强化途径的研究进展,重点评述了无机碳、铁元素、物理场(如电场、磁场、超声波等)在强化厌氧氨氧化菌生长代谢、加速厌氧氨氧化工艺启动以及提升工艺脱氮效能方面的可行性及潜在机理。分析认为,有关铁元素强化厌氧氨氧化技术的研究最为广泛且最具工程应用价值。最后,对未来强化厌氧氨氧化工艺的研究方向进行了展望,以期为厌氧氨氧化菌的快速培养和厌氧氨氧化工艺的实际应用提供参考。

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation(Anammox),as an economical and efficient biological nitrogen removal technology,has received great attention in recent years.However,the characteristics of Anammox bacteria,includ⁃ing long generation time,sensitivity to living environment,easily be inhibited,generally lead to a long start-up time and low nitrogen removal loads of Anammox processes,limit its application in actual wastewater treatment.Effec⁃tively enhanced approaches of Anammox bacteria can solve these problems.The research progress of Anammox en⁃hanced approaches was introduced,focusing on the feasibility and potential mechanism of inorganic carbon,iron and physical field(such as electric field,magnetic field and ultrasonic wave,etc)in strengthening the growth and metabolism of Anammox bacteria,accelerating the start-up of Anammox process and improving the denitrification ef⁃ficiency of the process.It showed that the research on iron-enhanced Anammox progress was the most extensive with engineering application value.Finally,the research direction of strengthening Anammox process in the future was prospected,in order to provide reference for rapid cultivation of Anammox bacteria and practical application of Anammox process.