职场焦虑量表中文版测评员工的效度和信度

Validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Workplace Anxiety Scale in employees

目的:在中国员工群体中对职场焦虑量表(WAS)进行修订并检验其效度与信度。方法:选取1301名员工,其中589名员工(样本1)进行条目分析和探索性因子分析(EFA);712名员工(样本2)进行验证性因子分析(CFA)及效标关联效度检验,4周后从样本2选取169名员工进行重测;合并样本1与样本2形成总样本(n=1301)进行信度分析与跨性别测量等值性检验。采用工作不安全感量表(JIS)、工作家庭平衡量表(WFBS)中的工作侵扰家庭分量表检验WAS中文版的效标效度。结果:EFA显示WAS中文版为单因子结构,总方差贡献率为61.18%,各条目因子负荷在0.75~0.82之间;CFA显示模型拟合指数可接受(χ^(2)/df=5.74,CFI=0.96,TLI=0.94,RMSEA=0.08,SRMR=0.03);WAS得分与效标工具得分均呈正相关(r=0.37、0.28、0.24,均P<0.001)。WAS中文版的内部一致性信度、分半信度与间隔4周的重测信度(ICC)分别为0.89、0.84、0.85;量表在不同性别员工之间具有完全的测量等值性(ΔCFI≤0.01,ΔRMSEA≤0.01,BIC呈下降趋势)。结论:职场焦虑量表(WAS)中文版在我国员工中具有良好的效度和信度。

Objective:To revise the Workplace Anxiety Scale(WAS) among Chinese employees and test its validity and reliability.Methods:A total of 1301 employees were recruited in this study.Sample 1 including 589 cases was tested for item analysis and exploratory factor analysis(EFA),and sample 2 including 712 cases was tested for confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) and criterion-related validity.Totally 169 employees from sample 2 were retested after 4 weeks to conduct test-retest reliability analysis.Reliability and measurement invariance across gender was analyzed in the total sample(n=1301).The Job Insecurity Scale(JIS) and Work-Family Conflict Scale(WFCS) from Work-Family Balance Scale(WFBS) were used to examine criterion validity of the Chinese version of WAS.Results:EFA showed 1 factor which explained 61.18% of the total variance, and the factor loading range of each item was 0.75-0.82.CFA showed that the factor model fit indices were acceptable(χ^(2)/df=5.74,CFI=0.96,TLI=0.94,RMSEA=0.08,SRMR=0.03).The total scores of the Chinese version of WAS were positively correlated with the total scores of the criterion-related validity tools at a low level(r=0.37,0.28,0.24,Ps<0.001).The Cronbach α,Spearman-Brown sub-half reliability and the ICC of the Chinese version of WAS were 0.89,0.84,0.85 respectively.Measurement invariance cross gender was acceptable(ΔCFI≤0.01,ΔRMSEA≤0.01 and BIC value showed a downward trend).Conclusion:The Chinese version of the Workplace Anxiety Scale has good validity and reliability among Chinese employees.