电动汽车低频磁场人体暴露安全性研究

Study on the human exposure safety of low-frequency magnetic field in electric vehicles

随着电动汽车在世界范围内的普及,人体因暴露于电动汽车低频磁场而引起的健康风险受到了广泛关注。本文综述1995—2021年之间的电动汽车低频磁场剂量学研究文献,从工况、频谱、空间分布和随时间变化等方面分析电动汽车内部磁场的变化特点,包括对无线功率传输等新技术引起的磁场暴露的研究,并对研究结果进行初步的统计分析。此外,本文结合常用的电磁场数值方法对不同人体模型内的剂量结果进行总结,在此基础上,针对文献中反映出的热点问题,给出若干亟须解决的研究方向,以期为后续研究提供参考。

With the popularity of electric vehicles worldwide,human exposure to the low-frequency magnetic field in electric vehicles has raised public concerns on health.This article summarizes the research on low-frequency magnetic field of electric vehicles from 1995 to 2021,and analyzes the characteristics of changes in the internal magnetic field of electric vehicles in terms of operating conditions,frequency spectrum,spatial distribution of the field,change of the components and the changes of the field values over time.Research on exposure to magnetic fields caused by new technologies such as wireless power transmission is included as well.In addition,for determining the induced electric field(basic limits)of the human body when being exposed to the low-frequency magnetic field,the commonly used electromagnetic numerical methods are presented.The simulation results are summarized as well.On this basis,in response to the hot topics reflected in the literature survey,some urgent key future studies are suggested.