异质性下城市社区养老服务的分类治理

A Study on Classified Governance of the Elderly Care Service under the Community Heterogeneity in Urban Community

在城市化进程、建筑新旧、居住者差异等因素共同作用下,社区资源禀赋异质化程度不断提高,客观要求城市社区养老服务分类治理。通过对四川省成都市、乐山市等地的调研,以共性综合治理、特性靶向治理为策略,发现老—老社区应整合资源,重点发展针对失能老人的“养、医、娱、终”相结合的全托型养老服务;老—新社区适宜依托已有适老设施,提供日间集中照料或上门服务;新—老社区适宜在提升社区治理能力的基础上,建设小型幸福互助院;新—新社区应注重发展长期照护、权益维护、生活适应等事业,满足老年群体多层次、多样化的需求。

Under the joint action of urbanization process,the degree of buildings and residents'differences,the heterogeneity of community resource continues to improve,which objectively requires the classified governance of elderly care services in urban community.Through the investigation in Chengdu,Leshan and other places in Sichuan Province,taking the comprehensive governance of commonness and targeted governance of characteristics as the strategy,we found that the old-old community should integrate resources to focus on the development of centralized elderly care service combining“Life care,medical care,Leisure services and funeral service”for the disabled elderly;The old-new community is suitable to rely on the existing facilities for the elderly to provide centralized care during the day or door-to-door service;The new-old community are suitable to build small and mutual homes on the basis of improving community governance;The new-new community should pay attention to the development of long-term care,maintenance of the rights and interests,living adaptation and other services to meet the multi-level and diversified needs of the elderly.