论美在席勒美育思想中的矛盾位置

On the Paradoxical Status of Beauty in Schiller’s Thought of Aesthetic Education

席勒美育思想的目标在于建立政治自由与实现道德国家。但他的这种美育思想包含了一个矛盾,即美与审美在落实美育的过程中究竟是一个过渡性的阶段还是一个终极性的目标。一方面,席勒认为道德状态是社会发展的最终理想,而审美状态则是达到这个目标的中间阶段;另一方面,由于以美为对象的游戏冲动可以摆脱感性冲动与形式冲动的强制而实现人格的完整性,那么它就成为超越道德强制的一种理想状态。此外,从美与崇高的关系来看,美在席勒美育思想中的位置也包含着一个矛盾。席勒美学思想中的这种矛盾,在黑格尔与马克思的美学中以不同的方式得到扬弃。

The aim of Schiller’s thought of aesthetic education is to establish a moral state with political freedom.There is a paradox in his thought about the position of beauty:it is a transitional stage or an ultimate goal in the process of implementing aesthetic education?On the one hand,Schiller held that moral state is the ultimate goal of social development,while aesthetic state is the intermediate stage to achieve this goal;on the other hand,because the instinct of play with beauty as object is beyond the sensuous and formal impulsion,it can realize the integrity of personality and becomes an ideal state beyond moral compulsion.In addition,from the aspect of the relationship between beauty and lofty,the status of beauty in Schiller’s thought of aesthetic education also embodies a paradox.The paradoxes were dumped in different ways in the aesthetics thoughts of Hegel and Marx.