贵州省野生兜兰属植物资源现状及保护成效分析

Analyses on distribution characteristics and protection effect of wild Paphiopedilum in Guizhou Province

兰科(Orchidaceae)兜兰属(Paphiopedilum)植物花形奇特,研究价值和观赏价值都很高,对环境要求严格,是生物多样性保护中的“旗舰”类群。为掌握贵州省野生兜兰属植物资源现状和保护成效,该研究对野生兜兰属植物进行专项调查,对其资源量、分布格局、受威胁因素和就地保护等进行分析。结果表明:(1)共调查到8种兜兰属植物的103个分布点,分布于27个县,以南部、西南部为主要分布区,生境复杂多样,自然分布不均衡。(2)各物种分布面积从大到小的顺序为硬叶兜兰>小叶兜兰>麻栗坡兜兰>巨瓣兜兰>带叶兜兰>长瓣兜兰>白花兜兰>同色兜兰,资源丰富度从高到低的顺序为硬叶兜兰>小叶兜兰>带叶兜兰>巨瓣兜兰>麻栗坡兜兰>白花兜兰>长瓣兜兰>同色兜兰。(3)该类群受干扰因素复杂,受威胁较为严重,其中过度采挖、干旱、生境退化和破碎化是其濒危的主要原因。(4)该属“有效保护(EP)”2种,“较好保护(WP)”1种,“一般保护(GP)”2种,“较少保护(LP)”3种,未找到目标物种以致“保护状况不明(PSU)”2种。已调查到的物种保护率达100%,但分布点保护率仅29.13%,各物种分布点保护率差异显著;建议相关部门有针对性地提升全省兜兰属植物的保护强度,进一步优化保护方式和范围,确保这些珍稀濒危的植物资源得到持续的生存发展。

Paphiopedilum of Orchidaceae is a“flagship”group in biodiversity conservation,with high research value and ornamental value,and it grows in special environment.In order to understand the resource status and conservation effect of Paphiopedilum in Guizhou Province,this study conducted a special investigation of wild Paphiopedilum,and the resource status,distribution pattern,threatened factors and local protection of them were analyzed.The results are as follows:(1)A total of 103 distribution sites of eight species of Paphiopedilum are found in this special survey,distributed in 27 counties,with the southern and southwestern regions as the main distribution areas,their habitats are complex and diverse,and the natural distribution are uneven.(2)Their distribution areas are sorted from the largest to the smallest as P.micranthum>P.barbigerum>P.malipoense>P.bellatulum>P.hirsutissimum>P.dianthum>P.emersonii>P.concolor,the order of resource richness from high to low is P.micranthum>P.barbigerum>P.hirsutissimum>P.bellatulum>P.malipoense>P.emersonii>P.dianthum>P.concolor.(3)The plants of this genus suffer from complex disturbance factors and serious threats,among which overexploitation,drought,habitat degradation and fragmentation are the main reasons for its endangered status.(4)Two species of the genus“effective protection(EP)”,one species of“well protection(WP)”,two species of“general protection(GP)”,three species of“less protection(LP)”,two species of“unknown protection status(UPS)”because no target species are found.The species conservation rate is 100%,but the conservation rate of distribution sites is 29.13%.There are significant differences in population conservation rates among different species.It is suggested that relevant departments should enhance the protection intensity of Paphiopedilum plants in Guizhou,and further optimize the protection mode and scope,so as to ensure the sustainable survival and development of these rare and endangered plant resources.