葡萄栽培生态指标体系建设及生态区划

Construction of Viticulture Ecological Index System and Ecological Regionalization

为进一步优化和构建葡萄栽培生态指标体系,划分酿酒葡萄优生区,促进葡萄产业健康可持续发展。以中国839个气象站点2008—2017年逐日气象数据为基础,采用多元线性回归,反距离权重以及克里金方法进行气象数据分析。通过对水热系数K进行分析,划分了6—9月逐月K值<1.5、1.5~2.5、>2.5的分布区;通过对日照时数进行分析,划分了4—9月1200~1400 h分布区域以及7—9月600~700 h分布区域;构建了湿热指数ET新指标,划分出了ET<65、65~70、70~75、75~80、>80的区域;提出了优势区域综合评价三级复合指标体系:一级指标为7—9月日照时数,二级指标为7—8月水热系数,三级指标为7—8月湿热指数。利用该复合指标对中国酿酒葡萄优势产区进行了划分,A区主要分布于宁夏贺兰山东麓、甘肃(酒泉、张掖及武威)和新疆南部;B区分为两个亚区,B1分布于新疆北部地区,B2分布于环渤海地区,主要包括辽东半岛、山东半岛、北京、天津、河北秦皇岛及怀涿盆地等地区;C区分为3个亚区,C1分布于陕西中部及山西晋中太原盆地,C2分布于河南地区,C3分布于云南及四川南部地区。该区划结果为中国葡萄区域化发展提供了参考依据。

In order to further optimize and construct the ecological indicator system for high-quality grape cultivation and dominant ecological regionalization of wine grape in China.Meteorological data points from 839 stations of 2008—2017 in China were selected and processed by multiple linear regression,inverse distance weight,and Kriging method combined with digital elevation model interpolation.The hydrothermal coefficient was analyzed to divide K<1.5,1.5-2.5,>2.5 area from June to October.Based on the analysis of sunshine hours,the distribution areas of 1200-1400 h from April to September and 600-700 h from July to September were divided.A new"damp heat"indicator was developed to divide ET<65,65-75,75-80,>80 areas.A three-level comprehensive indicator system for high-quality wine grape cultivation was proposed,with the first grade indicator being sunshine hours from July to September,the second grade indicator was hydrothermal coefficient K from July to August,the third grade indicator was damp heat indicator ET from July to August.The dominant ecological regions for wine grape in China were divided based on the three-level indicator system.Area A was mainly distributed in the eastern foot of Helan Mountain in Ningxia,Jiuquan,Zhangye and Wuwei in Gansu and southern Xinjiang.Area B was divided into two subregions:B1 was distributed in Northern Xinjiang;B2 was distributed in the Bohai rim region,mainly including Liaodong Peninsula,Shandong Peninsula,Beijing,Tianjin,Qinhuangdao and Huaizhuo basin in Hebei.and area C was divided into three subregions:C1 was distributed in central Shaanxi and Taiyuan Basin in Jinzhong,Shanxi;C2 in Henan and C3 in Yunnan and southern Sichuan.The dominant ecological regions for wine grape provides a basis for the development of grape regionalization in China.