‘玫瑰香’葡萄皮游离态和结合态香气成分分析

Analysis of Free and Combined Aroma Components in’Muscat Hamburg’Grape Skin

采用酸水解、同时蒸馏萃取(SDE)和气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)方法,对‘玫瑰香’葡萄皮游离态和结合态香气成分进行了定性、定量分析,检测出77种游离态香气成分,68种结合态香气成分,其中“泪柏醚”在葡萄中罕见报道。分析发现,‘玫瑰香’葡萄果皮中多数香气化合物以游离态和结合态两种形式存在,萜烯醇、芳香醇、脂肪酸等结合态含量高于游离态,芳樟醇、氧化芳樟醇、α-松油醇、橙花醇、雪松醇结合态含量分别是游离态的2.16、14.83、3.95、2.18、1.62倍。经对葡萄皮香气成分感官属性分析,其主体香韵为果香、花香、青香和脂蜡香,33种游离态香气成分OAV>1,结合态潜在香气物质主要为果香、花香、青香香韵的萜烯类(含氧单萜、倍半萜)和C_(13)降异戊二烯类化合物。因此认为‘玫瑰香’葡萄皮是一种重要的生物基香气物质资源,开发利用好这一资源具有经济和生态意义。

Acid hydrolysis,simultaneous distillation extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the free and combined aroma components of’Muscat Hamburg’grape skin in this study.77 free aroma components and 68 combined aroma components were detected,among which"manoyl oxide"was rarely reported in grapes.It was found that most aroma compounds in the peel of’Muscat Hamburg’grape existed in free and bound forms.The bound forms contents of terpenols,aromatic alcohols and fatty acids were higher than those in free forms.The bound forms contents of linalool,linalool oxide,α-terpineol,nerol and cedrol were 2.16,14.83,3.95,2.18,1.62 times higher than those in free forms respectively.By analyzing the sensory properties of the aroma components in grape skin,the main aroma was fruit,flower,green and fatty.There were 33 free aroma components with an OAV>1.The combined potential aroma components were mainly terpenes(oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes)and C_(13) norisoprene compounds with fruit,flower and green.Therefore,’Muscat Hamburg’grape skin was an important biobased aroma material resource,and it was of economic and ecological significance to develop and utilize this resource well.