机载激光三维测量系统与遥感技术在山区铁路的应用

Application of Airborne Laser 3D Measurement System and Remote Sensing Technology in Mountainous Railway

机载传感器的激光三维测量系统与遥感技术是新兴的测绘技术,该技术是主动型航空遥感,其发射的激光点云能够直接获取地表信息。该技术在山区陡峭地段进行地形图测绘具有其独特的优势。本文结合新疆山区某铁路项目,利用激光雷达获取山区的地形地貌的点云数据,通过自动和半自动点云分类方法剔除植被、房屋等地表地物,得到地表点信息,并基于地表点云生成DEM等测绘成果。该技术与RTK采集的数据对比分析表明,机载激光雷达平面和高程精度以及成果质量等指标方面完全能够满足陡峭山区大比例尺地形测绘要求,可为铁路勘测提供高效的技术手段。

As a new surveying and mapping technology of airborne sensor,3D laser measurement system and remote sensing technology obtain surface information by emitting laser point cloud to penetrate certain thickness of vegetation.This technology outweighs others in topographic map surveying and mapping,particularly in the steep mountains area.Taking a railway project in Xin Jiang as an example,this essay adopted this new technology to acquire surface point information with laser radar and gather original data.Simultaneously it output DEM mapping results that eliminated the vegetation,houses and other surface features so as to get the surface point information with automatic and semi-automatic point cloud classification method.Besides,compared with RTK in data analysis,the former can fully meet the requirements of large-scale terrain mapping in steep mountainous areas in terms of radar plane and elevation accuracy as well as measurement quality,which can be regarded as an high efficiency technical means for railway survey.