新中国前三十年的乡村减贫:源起、实践与思考

Origin,Practice and Reflection on Rural Poverty Reduction in Collectivization Period

消灭贫困、实现共同富裕是社会主义内在的本质要求和以人为本理念的重要体现。新中国前三十年,中国共产党从提高生产力、改变生产关系等方面使农业生产的生态、技术条件有了明显改善,粮食产量有了较大幅度的提高,但是由于国家对农村经济的抽取以及政治运动的嵌入,导致集体积累资金不足与个体收入低,从而降低了反贫困的成效。基于长时段的视角,从贫困作为社会问题、减贫的理念、减贫的实践与困境等方面进行了梳理,指出要将新中国前三十年的贫困问题置于百年现代化进程中来看待,注重微观史的研究,归纳反贫困的多元路径,构建反贫困的相关理论,以此在理论层面上对“国家—村庄”之间上下互动的复杂关系的学术积累有所贡献。

The elimination of poverty and the realization of common prosperity are the intrinsic essential requirements of socialism and the important embodiment of the people-oriented concept. In Collectivization Period, the Communist Party of China has made significant improvements in the ecological and technical conditions of agricultural production in terms of increasing productivity and changing the relations of production, and the grain output has been increased by a large margin. However, the over-abstraction of rural economy and the embedding of political movement lead to the insufficiency of collective accumulation funds and the low income of individuals, which reduces the effectiveness of poverty reduction. Based on the long-term perspective, this paper combs the researches on the poverty as a social problem, concept of poverty reduction, the practice and predicament of poverty reduction, etc. On this basis, it pointed out that the issue of poverty in Collectivization Period should be viewed in the context of the 100-year modernization process, that attention should be paid to the study of micro-history, that multiple paths of poverty reduction should be concluded, and that relevant theories of poverty reduction should be constructed. On the theoretical level, it makes a contribution to the academic accumulation of the complex interaction between the “state” and the “villages” in Collectivization Period.