躺平主义理性批判

Rational Criticism of Lying-flat Doctrine

自《躺平即是正义》一文问世,躺平和躺平主义受到广泛的关注,参与者之多,争论之激烈,堪称网络奇观。反对者认为躺平族自私自利、不负责任、消极颓废,因而主张抵制它;同情者认为躺平是对内卷的无奈之感和对不合理现实的抵抗,因而主张认真对待它。其实,躺平现象极其复杂,不能就事论事,需把握其背后的理性。躺平何以理性?可从不同角度解释。从人的本质来说,摆脱劳累的休闲和不求功利的游戏是人类的基本需求,躺平表达了这一需求,因而有其合理性。从现代性反思和批判角度来理解,现代社会的生产主义和消费主义文化已经充分地暴露出了它们的片面性,社会的健康发展需要价值观的进步,从追求多多益善到崇尚生活质量和自由个性,躺平拒绝消费强制和成功学诱惑,预示着后物质主义的新的价值意识。从当前社会现实看,内卷式竞争让人无奈,无谓的挣扎让人绝望。在此情况下,躺平无论是被困者的被动退却策略,还是失败者的反讽,都应该得到善意的对待。任何观念都无法逃脱被意识形态化的命运。当躺平主义从愤世嫉俗变成玩世不恭,从消极抵抗变成无原则的放弃,从弱者的心理调节策略变成强者的自我炫耀修辞的时候,它就变成了最坏意义上的犬儒主义。针对躺平的种种看法,我们需要区别对待,不能简单地肯定或否定。

Since Lying-flat Is Justice came out,the concept of lying-flat and its doctrine have attracted extensive attention,and the discussions around them have become a spectacle in Chinese network.Critics regard the doctrine as an irresponsible,passive and decadent attitude towards life,while sympathizers regard it as reluctant retreat and passive resistance to unjust reality.The phenomenon of lying-flat is extremely complex,and its comprehension can′t be done on a case-by-case basis.We must grasp the logic behind them.Why is lying-flat rational?From the anthropologic perspective,leisure and play instead of labor and work are the basic requirement of human beings.From the reflection and critique of modernity,the one sidedness of productivism and consumerism has been fully exposed,and social progress need to changing social value,transformation from productionism and consumerism to life quality and autonomy of materialistic value.Starting from the current social reality,the involution resulted from intensive competition has led to powerlessness of most people,and the unfair distribution of social wealth has caused the extreme vulnerability of poor people.Lying-flat,as a rationalization of miserable life and self-irony of exhausted life,should be treated sympathetically.The doctrine of lying-flat may be distorted and transformed into an ideology.When the doctrine is changed from serious criticism to adaption to the reality,from the self-protection of the weak to shameless boasting of rich and powerful people,the doctrine has been become a cynicism:an enlightened false consciousness.In short,to people of lying-flat and their doctrines,we can neither deny it indiscriminately nor accept it uncritically.