当前生育政策继续变革和调整完善的理论和实践问题

Theoretical and Practical Issues on ContinuousReforms of China′s Fertility Policy

近年来,我国的生育政策进行了一系列密集的调整。在“十四五”时期和中长期发展过程中,我们需要思考和推动生育政策的继续变革和调整完善。我国的生育政策包括数量、时间、性别和质量四个维度,并主要以生育数量调节为核心。在人口转变完成以后,我国生育政策的继续变革应该从调节性的生育政策,转向更加重视对生育的服务和支持。服务和支持人们的生育的本质是,生育政策要满足人们的生育意愿和生育需求。当前我国生育政策的调整完善可以采取以下几个方面的举措:实施“全面放开、自主生育”的生育政策;完善生育配套政策,构筑生育友好的社会环境;推动计划生育制度的发展转型;加强对生育的健康质量和婴幼儿照护抚育的投入;推动人口和计划生育立法的调整。

There are several fertility policies reforms in this decade,and after China has accomplished Demographic Transition,it is calling for further fertility policy reforms in coming years.China′s fertility policies include four dimensions,namely,quantity,time,gender and quality,and mainly focus on the regulation of fertility quantity.China′s continuous reforms of fertility policy should change the policy orientation from fertility adjustment toward reproductive services provisions and reproductive supports.The author also suggests several practical measures in fertility policies reform agenda.