斯科塞斯和法兰克福学派的社会黑道理论

Scorsese and the Frankfurt School′s Racket Theory of Society

1930年代,在美国流亡的阿多诺、霍克海默等法兰克福学派诸家提出了社会黑道理论,对当时黑帮盛行的美国社会展开批判,试图由此解释法西斯主义的崛起。在法兰克福学派看来,无论是作为社会中的支配形式,还是作为主导意识形态,自由资本主义社会的自由市场原则已经被黑道社会的人身保护关系所取代,甚至新兴的工人运动也充斥着黑道模式。在某种程度上,法兰克福学派的社会黑道理论预言了特朗普在任期内的种种行为,这一点也在马丁·斯科塞斯导演的电影《爱尔兰人》中得到揭示。

″Racket Society″was a theory held by the Frankfurt School represented by Adorno and Horkheimer in their American exile back in 1930s,aiming to criticize the racket prevailing American society and explain the unexpected rise of fascism.For the Frankfurt School,not only in terms of domination of the society but ideology as well,liberal capitalism characterized by mediation of impersonal marketplace had been replaced by mobsters′protection.The same thing even happened in the newly flourishing labor movements.Thus,the Frankfurt School′s″racket society″theory to some extent became a prophet of Donald Trump during his presidency of the United States,which was also revealed in the movie the Irishman directed by Martin Scorsese.