摘要
This research is a study assessing the performance of hybrid nanofluids in hybrid photovoltaic(PV)-thermal systems.This study addresses 10 hybrid nanofluids applied to hybrid PV-thermal systems.The transition to carbon-free energy can mitigate the worst effects of climate change,ensuring that global sustainability is addressed.Clean energy is now responsible for one-third of the global capacity,of which 20%is attributed to solar energy.Renewables continue to be economically viable,with declining costs driving growth.This study aims to compare the yearly performances of a model hybrid PV-thermal system using 10 different hybrid nanofluids.Hybrid nanofluids constitute two or more dissimilar materials stably suspended in a base fluid(e.g.water).MATLAB and COMSOL Multiphysics®computational fluid dynamics software are employed together for the benchmarking assessment with good agreement observed.Various fluid inlet temperatures(Tin∈[300,360]K),nanofluid volume concentrations(φ∈[0,4]%)and storage-tank volumes(V∈[50,300]L)were simulated.The meteorological data applied were those for Lagos,Nigeria(6°27’55.5192”N,3°24’23.2128”E).The assessment based on analytical-numerical solutions reveals that the thermal enhancement by hybrid nanofluids ranges from 6.7%(graphene oxide[GO]-multiwalled carbon nanotube[MWCNT]/water)to 7%(ZnO-Mn-ZnFe2O4/water)forφ=2%and V=300 L.The yearly exergy efficiency ranges from 2.8%(ZnO-Mn-ZnFe2O4/water)to 2.9%(GO-MWCNT/water),also forφ=2%and V=300 L.These findings have implications for a vast range of industrial processes,expanding the knowledge that is critical to a sustainable future.
