基于直角自由切削的木塑复合材料切削质量研究

Research on Surface Quality of Wood-Plastic Composite Materials Based on Orthogonal Cutting

为探究不同刀具前角与切削厚度对木塑复合材料直角自由切削加工时切削力、切削温度及表面粗糙度的影响,采用直角自由切削方式,以3种不同因素水平设计12组试验,使用高速摄像机、压电测力仪、红外热成像仪分别进行切屑形态拍摄、切削力和切削区域温度的测定。结果表明:刀具前角与切削厚度会直接影响切削力、切削温度及表面粗糙度,且随着切削厚度的不同会产生不同形态的切屑。切削力、切削温度越大,表面粗糙度值也越大,即加工表面质量越差;切削力与切削温度越小,则加工表面质量越好。使用较小前角刀具加工较大切削厚度时,产生连续型切屑时的切削力、切削温度及表面粗糙度均大于使用较大前角刀具进行较小切削厚度加工时产生不连续型切屑时的值。因此,在木塑复合材料实际生产加工过程中,粗加工时可选择大切削厚度快速切除多余材料,精加工时则采用较大刀具前角和较小切削厚度以获得更好的加工表面质量,提升生产效率。

To explore the effects of different tool rake angles and cutting depth on the cutting force,cutting temperature and surface roughness during the orthogonal cutting of wood-plastic composites.The orthogonal cutting method was adopted,and 12 sets of experimental were designed with 3 different factor levels.The highspeed camera,piezoelectric dynamometer,and infrared thermal imager were used to observe chip formation,cutting force and cutting area temperature.The tool rake angle and cutting depth directly affected the cutting force,cutting temperature and surface roughness,meanwhile,different types of chips were produced as the cutting depth was different.The surface roughness was closely related to the cutting force and cutting temperature.Cutting force and cutting temperature were larger,the surface roughness was also greater,that was,the quality of the machined surface was worse;and the smaller the cutting force and cutting temperature,lead to a better-machined quality.When using a small rake angle tool for large cutting depth machining,the cutting force,cutting temperature and surface roughness as continuous chips were greater than used a large rake angle tool for small cutting depth machining as discontinuous chips.Therefore,Wood-plastic composite materials machining in the actual production,a large cutting depth can be selected to quickly remove excess material during rough machining,and a larger tool rake angle and a smaller cutting depth can be used for finishing to obtain better surface quality and improve production efficient.