在生态与产业融合发展中实现脱贫地区乡村振兴

Realizing Rural Revitalization in Poverty-eradication Areas through Ecological and Industrial Integration Development

脱贫攻坚期,国家创新性地把“生态扶贫”作为精准扶贫、精准脱贫的重要手段,结合区域生态环境保护与治理,使贫困人口通过参与生态保护、生态修复工程建设以及发展生态产业等,增加收入、实现稳定脱贫,在一个战场打赢了脱贫攻坚与生态建设两场攻坚战。由于刚刚摆脱贫困状态,脱贫地区还面临着许多困境:经过产业扶贫发展起来的产业,还处在比较低的层次和阶段,不少地方的产业发展还局限于比较基础的农牧业中,产业链条短,附加值低,市场竞争力弱。基于“生态扶贫”的经验,广大脱贫地区可以凭借其生态(生态资源和生态资产)优势和生态区位,通过对产业发展内涵加以拓展,把生态(生态建设与保护)作为产业来发展,形成生态产业集群,推进生态产品价值实现,使生态建设、产业发展和人民脱贫致富融合起来,实现生态效益与经济效益的统一。同时,在国家生态补偿和下游地区跨区域补偿的基础上,可以设立一支专门从事生态保护和管理的“生态员”队伍。在生态与产业的融合中,探索一条在脱贫地区实现乡村振兴与生态文明建设“双赢”的可持续发展之路。

During the poverty alleviation period, the state innovatively took “ecological poverty alleviation” as an important means of targeted poverty alleviation and poverty eradication.In combination with regional ecological environmental protection and governance, the poor can increase their income and steadily achieve poverty eradication by participating in ecological protection and ecological restoration project construction and developing ecological industries, etc. Therefore, they can win the battle of poverty alleviation and ecological improvement on the same battlefield. As many areas have just been lifted out of poverty, they still face many difficulties. The industries developed through industrial poverty alleviation are still at a relatively low level and stage, and the development of many local industries is still confined to relatively primitive agriculture and animal husbandry, with short industrial chains, low value-added products, and weak market competitiveness. Based on the experience of “ecological poverty alleviation”, the majority of areas that are no longer in poverty can rely on their ecological(ecological resources, ecological assets) advantages and location advantages. By expanding the connotation of industrial development, ecological construction and protection can be developed as an industry, and ecological industrial clusters can be formed. Then ecological products can be sold to realize their values. Ecological construction, industrial development, and poverty alleviation will be combined to achieve the harmonious unity of ecological and economic benefits. At the same time, a team of “ecological protector” specializing in ecological protection and management can be established on the basis of national ecological compensation and cross-regional compensation in downstream areas. In the integration of ecology and industry, a sustainable development path should be explored to achieve a win-win situation between rural revitalization and ecological civilization construction in areas that have been lifted out of poverty.