澜湄水安全复合体的形成与治理机制演进

The Formation of Lancang-Mekong Water Security Complex and the Evolution of Governance Mechanisms

澜湄流域水安全问题源于水资源地理分配不均造成的用水矛盾。伴随着水矛盾的安全化进程,澜湄六国间的安全相互依赖远高于六国与外部行为体间的安全相互依赖,形成了一个多元行为体互动和多重安全领域互动的澜湄水安全复合体。作为一个相对独立的区域安全结构,澜湄水安全复合体有其独特的演进与治理进程,按照安全治理有效性从低到高可分为潜在水安全复合体、水安全复合体—利益体系平衡、水安全复合体—区域制度以及水安全共同体四个阶段。这一安全秩序的演进受到复合体内部和外部安全动力的双重影响。当前,澜湄流域的水安全治理处于内部动力不足、外部竞争激烈的区域机制阶段。推动水安全共同体的建设须以优化水分配为指导,对水安全问题进行去安全化,包括控制适度安全化、分类缓解水矛盾、加强联合调研与宣传工作以及利用议题联系。由于水安全秩序走向最终由复合体内部力量决定,中国与澜湄国家共同发起的澜湄合作有望在水安全治理中发挥重要作用。

The water security issues in Lancang-Mekong river basin( LMRB) come from water use contradiction, which is caused by geographically uneven distribution. With the securitization process of water use contradiction,the degree of security interdependence is more intense between the actors of six countries inside LMRB than they are between actors inside the basin and those outside of it. Thus, the actors of the six countries constitute a water security complex that involves the interaction of multiple actors and the interaction of multiple security fields. As a relative independent regional security structure,the Lancang-Mekong water security complex( LMWSC) has its own evolution and governance processes which are influenced by dynamics both inside and outside the complex. According to the ranking of the effectiveness of water security governance from low to high,there are latent region water security complex,water security complex-balance of interests system,water security complex-regional regime and water security community. LMWSC is on the stage of regional regime with insufficient internal dynamics and fierce external competition. To construct a water security community,it is necessary to “de-securitize”water security issues under the guidance of optimizing distribution, including moderate security controlling, classifying mitigation of water use contradiction, strengthening internal joint research and external publicity work,and insisting on the principle issue-linkage. As the water security order of the LMWSC is determined by internal dynamics,the China-led Lancang-Mekong Cooperation is expected to play an important role in the water security governance in the future.