抗日战争转机与社会心理变化--以1942年《大刚报》民意调查为中心的探析

The Turn of the War of Resistance and the Changes of Social Psychology:Centered on the Public Opinion Poll Taken by Dagang Bao in 1942

1942年是第二次世界大战具有转折意义的一年,世界各地战争形势巨变,中国亦不例外。在国内外形势转变之际,社会思潮亦多浮动。是年“双十节”,《大刚报》举办民意调查,探究国人对战争形势及国内外重要政治问题的意向。与既有认知不同,调查结果显示,此时国人对抗战形势的判断已从之前的悲观失望和缺乏信心,转为近乎全体一致相信中国必胜。值得注意的是,在战后国家体制问题上,相当数量的投票者做出赞同国民党主持政权、实施“一党政治”的选择。这既是将战时需要高度集权的思维用于战后政制选择的结果,也与国民党的政治宣传及操纵有关。因此,此次民调在极大鼓舞国人抗战必胜信心的同时,也受到中外舆论的严厉批评。

The year 1942 was a turning point of the Second World War.The war situation of all over theworld changed dramatically,and China was no exception While the situation at home and abroad was changing,the social trend of thoughts in China also fluctuated.During the National Day,Dagang Baotook apublic opinionpoll,exploring the Chinese people's view points to the war situation and the important political issues at home and abroad Different from the existing realization,thesurvey results show that the Chinese people'sjudgment on the situation of the War of Resistance had been changed from a pessimistic disappointment and alackof confidence to an almost unanimous belief that China would finally win.It is worth noting thaton the issue of the post-War state system,a considerable number of voters made the choice of the Kuomintang presiding over the regime and implementing“one-Party politics.”This is not only the result of using thinking logic that China required highly centralization duringwar timeto thechoiceof thepost-War political system,but also related to the Kuomintangs political propaganda and manipulation.