徐图自保:阎锡山与长城抗战

Seeking Self-protection:Yan Xishan and the Battles along the Great Wall

1933年长城抗战是九一八事变后到全面抗战前,中国进行的规模最大的一次反抗日本侵略的战役。是役,国民政府前后动员20多万军队参战,其中既有国民政府中央军,也有华北地方实力派军队。九一八事变后,因中原大战失势的阎锡山趁机重掌晋政,成为华北地区除东北军以外最大的实力派。此时抗日战事又起,华北成为反抗侵略的最前线,阎锡山虽积极响应国民政府号召出兵抗日,但更多是出于对自身利益的考量。究其缘由,随着日军侵略深入华北,坐镇晋绥的阎锡山已感受到危机。在其看来,捐弃前嫌与国民政府中央合作抗日已成为必然选择。

The battles along the Great Wall in 1933 were the largest battles resisting against Japanese aggression from the end of the September 18th Incident to the outbreak of the total War of Resistance. In the battles,the Nationalist government mobilized more than 300,000 troops to participate in fighting,including both the central army of the Nationalist government and the powerful local troops in North China. After the September 18th Incident,Yan Xishan,who lost power due to the Central Plains War,took the opportunity to regain the control of the Shanxi administration and became the largest powerful faction in North China except the Northeast Army. At the time,the war of fighting Japanese invaders began again,and North China became the forefront of resistance. Although Yan Xishan actively responded to the Nationalist government’s call to send troops fighting against Japan,he thought much more about his own interests. The reason was that with Japan’s further invasion into North China,Yan Xishan,who controlled Shanxi and Suiyuan,had realized crisis. In his opinion,it had become an inevitable choice to cooperate with the central Nationalist government.