“异域”商街的例外治理:河口县越南街的空间建构与演化研究

Exceptional Governance of Exotic Commercial Street: A Study on the Spatial Construction and Evolution of Vietnam Street in Hekou County

全球化时代涌现出的冠之以“商街”“唐人街”“商贸中心”的商业空间已成为全球链接、社会文化聚合的一个重要场域。这些空间作为全球复杂性呈现的交会地,往往因国家与全球之间复杂的社会关系,以及不同国家处理和制度化这种相互作用关系时的特殊方式的差异,建构成多样化的空间形态并赋予其社会文化内涵。其中作为“灰色地带”的特殊商业空间便是一种类型。过往的全球化研究中很关注此类“灰色空间”中制度和非制度的因素如何通过全球流动被连接在一起。然而,这样的研究尽管能揭示灰色空间形成的全球流动后果,亦能注意到在此过程中国家与全球的互构,但对于全球化下的空间逻辑——“民族、国家、地域性社会、集团等并不会被全球化空间同化和消除,它们将在不断的摩擦过程中改变自身的形态”,形成独特的空间内涵的研究是不充分的。由对越南街作为一种例外空间的建构过程的研究,可以展现“例外”如何作为一种严格意义上的规范元素——即权限,它是采用行政命令的方式取代法律适用的效力对空间进行治理的过程。例外状态作为强化国家主权的一种重要方式,也是国家在治理层面上差异化的主权实践。进而,由边界地区的例外状态以及例外空间的建构可知,以往在对非常规空间的研究中对于制度和非制度因素的二元结构式分析,事实上忽视了其作为主权的特殊形式的意涵以及自由市场体系的形成对于空间建构的作用。现代民族国家边境地区边界的开放与开发形成了跨境经济合作区、沿边开放试验区、自由贸易区等具有例外意蕴的空间,对于这些空间的放权并不是国家主权的消落,也不全是新自由主义下市场全面渗入的后果,相反是在全球化下主权实践方式由单一走向多样、主权内涵由本质化向实质化转变的结果。

In the era of globalization, commercial space such as business streets, Chinatown and business centers, have become an important field for global connecting as well as social and cultural aggregation. As intersections of global complexity, these spaces are often constructed into diversified spatial forms and endowed with social and cultural implications resulted from the complex social relations between states and the world and the special differences among the ways how different countries deal with and institutionalize such interaction relations. Gray or irregular place is one type of special commercial space. Previous studies of globalization have focused on how institutional and non-institutional elements in such gray space were connected by global flows. However, although such studies can reveal the global flowing consequences of the formation of gray space, and can also notice the mutual construction between states and the world in this process, the spatial logic under globalization of which the studies follow--“nation, state, regional society, group, etc., will not be assimilated and eliminated by the global space, but will change their forms during constant friction”and form unique spatial meaning is not sufficient.By studying the construction process of Vietnam street as an“exceptional space”, this essay can show the process how the“exceptional”as a normative element in a strict sense, that is jurisdiction, using governing orders instead of the effect of law application to administrative space. As an important way to strengthen national sovereignty, exceptional state is also a differentiated sovereignty practice in national governance. Furthermore, it can be seen from the exceptional state of boundary areas and the construction of exceptional space that the binary structural analysis of institutional and non-institutional factors in previous studies of“unconventional”space, actually ignores its implication as a special form of sovereignty and the role the formation of free market system plays in the construction of space. The opening and development of borders in modern nation-state border areas have formed space with exceptional meaning such as cross-border economic cooperation zones,border opening pilot zones and free trade zones. The decentralization of these space is not the elimination of national sovereignty, nor the result of market infiltration under neoliberalism. On the contrary, it is the result of the transformation of sovereignty practice mode from single to diversified and sovereignty connotation from essence to substance under globalization.