非物质文化遗产“撒叶儿嗬”的起源与文化特征

The Origin and Cultural Characteristics of the Intangible Cultural Heritage “SA Yeer Ho”

“撒叶儿嗬”是土家族一种以歌、乐、舞祭奠亡灵的丧葬仪式,含有丰富的文化内涵。“撒叶儿嗬”认为死掉的只是肉体,而灵魂却可以永恒,生与死并非处于绝对对立的二元空间,其在一定阈限下可以自由转化,只要经过“灵魂中转站”的交换,生者活着,死者亦活着,两者只是存在空间与形式上的差异。关于“撒叶儿嗬”的起源传说,有多个不同的版本,这反映出“撒叶儿嗬”在流传过程中受到不同时代和不同地域文化的影响。乐观、积极的人生态度;务实、进取的民族精神是“撒叶儿嗬”突出的文化特征。挖掘和提炼“撒叶儿嗬”的文化内涵,对于传承民族传统文化、促进民族交往交流交融具有非常重要的意义。

"SA Yeer Ho" is a funeral ceremony to pay tribute to the dead with songs, music and dance for Tujia people, which contains rich cultural connotation. "SA Yeer Ho" believes that what dies is only the body, but the soul can be eternal. Life and death are not in an absolutely opposite binary space. They can be transformed freely under a certain threshold. As long as they pass through the exchange of "soul transfer station", the living and the dead are alive. There are only differences in space and form between the two.There are many different versions of the origin legend of "SA Yeer Ho",which reflects that "SA Yeer Ho" was influenced by different times and different regional cultures in the process of spreading.Optimistic, positive attitude towards life, pragmatic and enterprising national spirit are the prominent cultural characteristics of "SA Yeer Ho".Mining and refining the culture of "SA Yeer Ho" is of great significance for inheriting national traditional culture and promoting national exchanges, exchanges and blending.