中朝边境口岸发展优劣势分析

Analyzation on The Advantages and Disadvantages of China and North Korea Border Port Development

中朝边境口岸共15个,自西向东分布在长白山两侧的鸭绿江和图们江流域。其所具有的优势表现为:自然环境优美、自然资源丰富,口岸公路、铁路、桥梁及基础设施建设相对完善,与国际接轨较早的管理制度相对完善,历史悠久的边贸为中朝边贸可持续发展奠定了基础,中朝跨境或边境经济合作区不断涌现,中朝边贸与投资在波动中增长和扩大。所存在的劣势表现为:中朝两国边贸结构、规模、进出口不平衡、结算等问题影响口岸边贸的可持续发展,跨国犯罪或纠纷影响口岸正常运行秩序,口岸所在江域水电站建设造成生态恶化问题,口岸相对密集,具有同质化发展趋向,受东北亚和国际化深刻影响的中朝关系等。论文根据以上劣势,提出可行性建议有:通过口岸平台建设形成中朝边贸产业互补格局,以边贸发展惠及边民生活,优化边境防控与畅通相结合的管理模式,严肃谨慎处理两江水电站的生态恶化问题,每个口岸走特色发展道路,并与中朝边境合作区密切合作,处理好在东北亚地缘政治格局和不断国际化氛围中的中朝关系。

There are 15 border ports between China and the North Korea,which are distributed in the Yalu River and Tumen River basin on both sides of Changbai Mountain from west and east. Its advantages in suitable natural environment and abundant natural resources,Relatively perfect construction of port highway,railway,bridge and infrastructure,Relatively perfect earlier management system in line with international standards;The time-honored border trade has laid a foundation for the sustainable development of China-North Korea border trade,Cross-border and border economic cooperation zones have sprung up, China-North Korea border trade and investment are growing and expanding amid fluctuations. Its disadvantage is that the structure,scale,imbalance of import and export and settlement of border trade between China and North Korea affect the sustainable development of border trade at ports,Transnational crimes or disputes affect the normal operation of ports,The construction of hydro-power station in the river region where the port is located causes ecological deterioration, China-North Korea relations deeply influenced by Northeast Asia and internationalization. According to the disadvantages mentioned above,some feasible suggestions are put forward: to form the complementary pattern of China-North Korea border trade industry through the construction of port platform;The border trade development will benefit the livelihood of border residents,and the management model combining border prevention and control with smooth traffic will be optimized,The ecological deterioration of the Yalu River and Tumen River Hydro-power station should be dealt with seriously and prudently,Each port will follow a characteristic development path and cooperate closely with China-North Korea border cooperation zone,Handle China-North Korea relations in the geopolitical pattern of Northeast Asia and the increasingly internationalized atmosphere.