木质素解聚和液相催化降解研究进展

Research Progress on Lignin Depolymerization and Liquid Phase Catalytic Degradation

木质纤维生物质作为地球上最丰富的可再生资源,不仅储量巨大而且在利用过程中具有碳平衡的显著优势,已逐渐成为最具发展前景的可再生能源之一。木质纤维中的木质素是自然界最大且唯一的可再生芳香族化合物原料,在生物质燃料转化,尤其是解聚生产苯系化工产品等领域具有极为重要的作用和意义。本文在简述木质素化学结构的基础上,综述了近年来木质素高温热解聚,生物酶解聚,催化热解聚,光催化解聚和溶剂热解聚等解聚方法,深入分析了液相催化过程中酸、碱催化体系,加氢和氧化催化体系的机理及优缺点,总结了现阶段木质素解聚方法中存在的问题,并对未来的发展方向进行了展望。

As the most abundant renewable resource on the earth,lignocellulosic biomass not only has huge reserves but also has a significant advantage on carbon balance in the utilization process.It has gradually become one of the most promising renewable energy sources.Among the lignocellulose lignin is the largest and only renewable aromatic compound raw material in the nature.It plays a very important role in the conversion of biomass fuels,especially the depolymerization production of benzene chemical products.Based on the brief chemical structure description of lignin,this paper summarized the depolymerization methods of lignin in recent years,such as high-temperature thermal depolymerization,biological enzyme depolymerization,catalytic thermal depolymerization,photocatalytic depolymerization,and solvent pyrolysis.The mechanism,advantages and disadvantages of acid and alkali catalytic system as well as hydrogenation and oxidation catalytic system in the process of liquid-phase catalysis were deeply analyzed.Additionally,the problems existed in the depolymerization methods of lignin at this stage were also summarized,and the developing direction in the future was proposed.