从准同生到埋藏环境的白云石化路径及其成储效应

Dolomitization evolution and its effects on hydrocarbon reservoir formation from penecontemporaneous to deep burial environment

以塔里木、四川和鄂尔多斯盆地多层系白云岩为研究对象,应用矿物岩石学分析、团簇同位素测温及U-Pb同位素测年等技术手段,开展白云石化路径及其成储效应研究。识别出保留原岩结构白云岩(微生物结构和泥晶结构)、埋藏交代白云岩Ⅰ(半自形—自形细、中、粗晶结构)、埋藏交代白云岩Ⅱ(他形—半自形细、中、粗晶结构)、埋藏沉淀白云石、粗晶鞍状白云石5种结构组分。前3者以岩石的形式存在,后两者以充填孔洞和裂缝的白云石矿物形式存在,并建立了5种白云岩结构矿物岩石学和地球化学特征识别图版。基于5种白云石结构组分的识别,建立了白云岩保持型、白云岩改造型和灰岩埋藏白云石化型等3类储集层的6种白云石化路径。白云石化前的原岩初始孔隙和白云石化路径是控制白云岩储集层发育的关键因素,白云岩保持型和白云岩改造型白云石化路径的成储效应最佳,且发育分布具有相控性和规模性特征,是深层碳酸盐岩油气勘探的首选对象。

Aiming at the scientific problem that only part of dolomite acts as dolomite reservoir,this paper takes the multiple dolomite-bearing formations in the Tarim,Sichuan and Ordos basins as the study object,by means of mineral petrological analysis and geochemical methods including carbonate clumped isotope,U-Pb isotopic dating,etc.,to rebuild the dolomitization pathway and evaluate its effects on reservoir formation.On the basis of detailed rock thin section observation,five dolomitic structural components are identified,including original fabric-retained dolomite(microbial and/or micrite structure),buried metasomatic dolomite I(subhedral-euhedral fine,medium and coarse crystalline structure),buried metasomatic dolomite II(allotriomorphic-subhedral fine,medium and coarse crystalline structure),buried precipitation dolomite and coarse crystalline saddle dolomite.Among them,the first three exist in the form of rocks,the latter two occur as dolomite minerals filling in pores and fractures.The corresponding petrological and geochemical identification templates for them are established.Based on the identification of the five dolomitic structural components,six dolomitization pathways for three types of reservoirs(preserved dolomite,reworked dolomite and limestone buried dolomitization)are distinguished.The initial porosity of the original rock before dolomitization and the dolomitization pathway are the main factors controlling the development of dolomite reservoirs.The preserved dolomite and reworked dolomite types have the most favorable dolomitization pathway for reservoir formation,and are large scale and controlled by sedimentary facies in development and distribution,making them the first choices for oil and gas exploration in deep carbonate formations.