急诊老年病人压力性损伤的危险因素分析

Analysis of risk factors for pressure injury in emergency elderly patients

目的探讨急诊老年病人发生压力性损伤的危险因素,为采取预防护理措施提供指导。方法选取2020年6月至2021年5月于南京梅山医院急诊治疗的90例老年病人为研究对象,收集病人的人口学资料、合并症及生化结果,使用Braden量表对其进行压力性损伤风险评估。每日观察病人压力性损伤的发生情况直至其离开急诊科,采用二分类Logistic回归分析急诊老年病人发生压力性损伤的危险因素。结果90例急诊老年病人中发生压力性损伤15例(16.67%),发生组与未发生组的入急诊时间、白蛋白水平、Braden量表总评分、营养状况评分、摩擦力和剪切力评分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,Braden量表总分低、白蛋白水平低是急诊老年病人发生压力性损伤的危险因素。结论急诊护理人员应及时监测老年病人的白蛋白水平,并根据Braden量表评分采取有针对性的预防护理措施,降低急诊老年病人压力性损伤的发生率。

Objective To explore the risk factors of pressure injury in the emergency elderly patients,and to provide the guidance for taking preventive nursing measures.Methods A total of 90 elderly patients admitted to the Emergency Department of Nanjing Meishan Hospital from June 2020 to May 2021 were enrolled in this study.The demographic data,comorbidities and biochemical results of the patients were collected.The risk of pressure injury in the emergency elderly patients was assessed by Braden scale,and the occurrence of pressure injury was observed daily until the patients left the Emergency Department.The risk factors of pressure injury in the emergency elderly patients were analyzed by binary Logistic regression.Results There were 15 patients presenting with pressure injury,with an incidence rate of 16.67%.There were statistically significant differences in the time of emergency admission,albumin level,Braden scale total score,nutritional status score,friction and shear force score between the occurrence group and the non-occurrence group(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that low Braden scale total score and low albumin level were the risk factors of pressure injury in the emergency elderly patients.Conclusions Emergency nurses should timely monitor the level of albumin in the elderly patients,and take targeted preventive nursing measures according to the score of Braden scale,so as to reduce the incidence of pressure injury in the emergency elderly patients.