豫北道口镇传统砖木民居冬季热环境评价研究

Research on Thermal Environment Evaluation of a Traditional Brick-Timber House in Daokou Town of the Northern Henan in Winter

掌握热环境舒适度现状信息是传统建筑更新改造的必要条件,当前,物理实测和主观感受调查是热环境评价的基本方法,但两者之间决策模型的侧重不同导致了评价结果的明显差异。以寒冷地区豫北道口镇典型砖木民居为例,通过风环境模拟、物理环境实测与现场调查问卷相结合的方式获取研究数据,采用PMV、APMV、热适应评价模型与实际热感觉TSV模型进行评价并做对比分析,研究表明:1)居民关于热环境的主观感受与客观评价存在较大出入,从评价结果来看,APMV模型所得结果与实际热感觉更接近;2)居民的耐冷适应性是不同模型评价结果差异的重要原因,考虑到居民对热舒适的渴望,民居更新改造应充分考虑当地人群的热适应性与热期望值;3)室内热环境现状与城镇住宅热舒适标准偏离较大,不宜采取城市标准进行传统民居热环境提升;4)围护结构气密性、室内温度波动规律及风貌保护兼顾是传统民居更新改造的重要关注对象。

Learning the status quo of thermal environment comfort is necessary for the renewal and retrofit of traditional buildings. At present, physical environment measurement and subjective survey are the basic methods of thermal environment evaluation, but the different emphasis of decision-making model between them leads to the obvious difference of evaluation results. Taking the typical brick-timber dwellings of Daokou Town in North Henan Province as an example, the research data were obtained by combining the results of wind environment simulation, physical environment measurement and questionnaire survey. PMV, APMV, adaptive thermal comfort model and thermal sensation were used for evaluation and comparative analysis. The research showed that: 1)there was a big difference between the residents’ subjective feeling about the thermal environment and the objective evaluation. From the evaluation results, the APMV model were closer to the thermal sensation;2)residents’ cold adaptability was an important reason for the difference between evaluation results of different models. Considering residents’ desire for thermal comfort, the thermal adaptability as well as thermal preference of local people should be fully considered in renewal and transformation process;3)the status quo of indoor thermal environment deviated greatly from the thermal comfort standard of urban residential buildings, so it was not suitable to adopt urban standards to improve the thermal environment of traditional dwellings;4)the air tightness of enclosure systom, the fluctuation of indoor temperature, and the protection of historical building style were important concerns in the renewal and retrofit process of traditional dwellings.