损害商业信誉、商品声誉罪的规范适用——以比例原则为分析语境

Normative Application of Crime of Damaging Commercial Reputation and Commodity Reputation

网络言论的纷繁复杂与重刑化的司法倾向影响了损害商业信誉、商品声誉罪在司法实务中的具体适用,导致此罪适用的扩张。为了防止这一现象,应当引入具有过滤“超额治理机制”作用的比例原则进行规范与指导,即通过适当性、必要性与均衡性等三项具有递进关系的子原则进行逐项审查。依适当性原则,此罪只适用于损害程度达到严重影响市场公平竞争秩序的行为;依必要性原则,此罪应根据危害程度来选择对行为人损害最小的手段;依均衡性原则,此罪的适用需注重对行为人的特殊预防作用以及对公民监督批评权的保障。

The complexity of network speech and the judicial tendency of severe punishment affect the specific application of the crime of damaging commercial reputation and commodity goodwill in judicial practice,leading to the expansion of the application of this crime.In order to prevent this phenomenon,we should introduce the principle of proportion,which can filter"excess governance mechanism",to standardize and guide,that is,examine item by item through three progressive sub-principles such as appropriateness,necessity and balance.According to the principle of appropriateness,this crime is only applicable to the damage degree to seriously affect the fair competition order of the market behavior;According to the principle of necessity,the crime should choose the means with the least damage to the doer according to the degree of harm.According to the principle of balance,the application of this crime should pay attention to the special preventive role of the perpetrator and the protection of the citizen's right to criticize supervision.