论个人信息侵权中的损害

The Damage in Personal Information Infringement

数字时代中个人信息侵害引发的特定风险具有不可逆性、不可测性和扩散性的特点,在侵害后果发生之前将这些风险认定为法律上的损害并通过侵权法予以救济,可以将侵权行为的成本内部化,既能发挥预防作用以实现帕累托最优,又能实现侵权法的震慑作用。对此,应当以规范损害说修正差额说,将满足特定条件的风险作为损害纳入侵权法上的可赔损害范畴,与财产损失、精神损害一样获得侵权法的救济。在风险性损害的具体认定上,应建立动态的评价体系,由法官在个案中综合考虑涉案的各考量因素进行利益权衡后确定。

In view of the irreversibility,unpredictability and proliferation of certain risks in the context of modern society,identifying risks as legal damages before irreversible consequences occur and obtaining compensation through tort law can internalize the costs of tort,which can play a preventive role to achieve Pareto optimality and also achieve the deterrent effect of tort law.Therefore,in the case of personal information infringement,in addition to the actual damages such as property damages and moral damages,the risky damages that meet certain conditions should also be recognized as legally compensable damages.In the determination of risky damages,the normative damage theory should be used as the theoretical basis for the determination of damages,and a dynamic evaluation system should be established to determine the amount of damages based on specific considerations in individual cases.