油气管道在CO_(2)与H_(2)S环境中的腐蚀行为与防护

Corrosion Behavior and Protection of Oil and Gas Pipeline in CO_(2)and H_(2)S Environment

油气具有易燃、易爆等特点,油气管道一旦出现泄漏,不仅会浪费能源、污染环境,还会引发爆燃,造成严重的社会后果,因此,油气管道的防护工作显得尤为关键。油气管道腐蚀会造成管道过早失效,严重缩短管道使用寿命,其中点蚀具有隐蔽性强、破坏性大的特点,且环境因素对其腐蚀速率影响显著。本文概述了管道输送含CO_(2)和H_(2)S介质的腐蚀行为,分析了CO_(2)、H_(2)S对管道的腐蚀机理及腐蚀速率环境影响因素,介绍了常用的管道腐蚀方法;进一步探讨了CO_(2)/H_(2)S共存体系腐蚀机理及竞争协同作用、CO_(2)/H_(2)S分压比等腐蚀速率影响因素,总结了CO_(2)/H_(2)S腐蚀研究进展及存在问题,以期为开发环保、高效的油气管道腐蚀防护提供新思路,确保油气管道安全平稳运行,保障能源稳定供应,提高社会经济效益。

As oil and gas are flammable and explosive,leakage of oil and gas pipelines will not only waste energy and pollute the environment,but also cause deflagration,resulting in serious social consequences.Therefore,the protection of oil and gas pipelines is particularly critical.The corrosion of oil and gas pipeline will lead to premature failure and shorten the service life of pipeline seriously.The pitting corrosion has the characteristics of strong concealment and destructive,and the environmental factors have a significant impact on the corrosion rate.This paper summarizes the corrosion behavior of pipeline transportation medium containing CO_(2)and H_(2)S,analyzes the corrosion mechanism and environmental factors of corrosion rate of CO_(2)and H_(2)S,and introduces the common corrosion methods of pipeline.Furthermore,the corrosion mechanism of CO_(2)/H_(2)S coexistence system and the factors influencing the corrosion rate such as the competitive synergy and CO_(2)/H_(2)S partial pressure ratio are discussed,and the research progress and existing problems of CO_(2)/H_(2)S pipeline corrosion are summarized,so as to provide new ideas for the development of environmental protection and efficient corrosion protection of oil and gas pipelines,ensure the safe and stable operation of oil and gas pipelines,guarantee the stable supply of energy,and improve social and economic benefits.