清初五鹿诗社考述

A Study of the Wulu School of Poets

五鹿诗社得名于郜焕元所编《五鹿诗选》,是清初以大名府为中心的诗人群体。诗社成员多生于仕宦之家,入清后通过科举跻身仕途,属于清初“纱帽”诗人。诗人之间基于家族、姻亲、同学等关系,交往频仍。他们以地缘为纽带,以读书、游园、留别为契机,流连唱和,形成规模庞大的诗人群体。诗社成员以郜焕元、袁佑、窦遴奇三人成就最高。他们诗歌的思想、内容或出于时忌或囿于眼界,介入社会的程度不深,易代之际的民族矛盾与阶层冲突在诗歌中少有体现,缺少对历史的反思和对现实的批判,亦缺少鲜明的艺术个性。诗社诗人与地方官吏及游历诗人相互砥砺激发,一起有明一代地方诗坛之衰,共同营造了清初大名诗坛盛况。

The Wulu school of poets,which gets its name from Wulu Poetry Collection compiled by Gao Huanyuan,refers to the poets who lived in or nearby Daming in the early Qing Dynasty.Most of them were born in families with official ranks and became the so-called offical poets after they got their government posts through the imperial examination.They enjoyed their close relationship which was based on family ties,marriage,alumni net and so on.In this sense,they constituted a large group of poets.With a natural geographic connection,they created many poems when reading,travelling and biding farewell.Yuan You,Gao Huanyuan and Dou Linqi are the representatives with the highest achievements.However,the thoughts and content of their poems fail to touch upon the in-depth part of the society due to the taboo of their times or their narrow horizon.Besides,the ethnic and class conflicts during the transition between the Ming and Qing Dynasties are rarely reflected in their poems.In addition,there are seldom reflections on history and criticism of the reality in their poems,which typically lack their own artistic features.Nevertheless,this group of poets,local officials and traveling poets inspired and encouraged each other and promoted the poetic prosperity of Daming in the early Qing Dynasty.