医疗废物环境污染行政监管的现状检视及其制度构建--基于193份判决书的实证分析

Current situation inspection and system construction of administrative supervision of environ-mental pollution of medical waste--based on an empirical analysis of the 193 judgments

多个非法处置医疗废物大案暴露出我国医疗废物污染监管制度仍然存在大量问题。行政机关非唯一监管主体,但对于遏制此类污染起关键性作用。通过梳理193份与医疗废物污染相关的行政诉讼裁判文书,决定从普通行政诉讼和行政公益诉讼两个方面发现问题并进行分析。通过分析发现,现行医疗废物卫生监督制度存在监管主体不统一、相关法律法规之间协调性不够、行政监管与市场自行调控分界存在立法空白等问题。行政公益诉讼则存在诉讼主体过于单一、检察院的诉讼地位不明、检察建议过于粗疏等问题,司法权对行政权的督促功能未能充分发挥。解决上述问题笔者认为需要通过完善行政公益诉讼制度,改善现行行政监督制度,形成内部监管体制,并建立起医疗废物风险基金制度。

A number of major illegal disposals of medical waste have exposed that there are still a lot of problems in China's medical waste pollution supervision system.Administrative agencies are not the sole regulatory subjects,but they play a key role in curbing such pollution.By sorting out 193 administrative litigation judgment documents related to medical waste pollution,we decided to find and analyze the problems from the two aspects of general administrative litigation and administrative public interest litigation.Through the analysis,it is found that the current medical waste health supervision system has problems such as inconsistent regulatory subjects,insufficient coordination between relevant laws and regulations,and legislative gaps in the boundary between administrative supervision and market self-regulation.In administrative public interest litigation,there are problems such as too single litigation subject,unclear litigation status of the procuratorate,and too rough procuratorial suggestions,and the supervision function of judicial power to administrative power has not been fully played.To solve the above problems,the author believes that it is necessary to improve the administrative public interest litigation system,improve the current administrative supervision system,form an internal supervision system,and establish a medical waste risk fund system.