台湾省行政区划的研议及光复初期的实施

Discussions over the Administrative Division of Taiwan Province and Its Implementation in the Early Period of Recovery

1885年台湾建省。1895年,清政府被迫签订《马关条约》,日本侵占台湾,直至第二次世界大战结束。1943年12月1日,《开罗宣言》发表。根据抗日战争时期的省政府制度,台湾调查委员会致力于规划收复台湾,设计台湾省行政区划为省、县市、乡镇制。基于人口和面积,台籍志士林忠建议,将1920年以来台湾总督府管辖下的5州3厅改为30县。这个方案又被改为24县。1945年10月25日,台湾光复,国民政府恢复对台湾省行使主权。为维持社会稳定和接收顺利,台湾省行政长官陈仪改5州3厅为8县。考虑到5县的人口较多,新增区一级,形成省、县市、区、乡镇体制。这是中国政府恢复对台湾行使主权和实施治权的重要标志。

In 1885,Taiwan province was established. In 1895,the Qing government was forced to sign the Treaty of Shimonoseki. Japan invaded and occupied Taiwan till the end of WWII. On December 1,1943,the Cairo Declaration was released. According to the provincial government system during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression,the Taiwan Investigation Commission made plans of recovery of Taiwan,and designed a system of Taiwan provincial administrative regions division featuring levels of province,county and city,and township. Based on populations and areas,Lin Zhong,a patriot from Taiwan,made suggestions to change the five prefectures and three bureaus under the administration of Taiwan Viceroy’s Office since its setup in 1920 into thirty counties. A later change to this plan was to divide the province into twenty-four counties. On October 25,1945,Taiwan was recovered,and the Nationalist government resumed exercise of sovereignty over Taiwan Province. To maintain social stability and ensure smooth transfer,Chen Yi,the chief executive of Taiwan Province changed the five prefectures and three bureaus to eight counties. In considerations of the relative concentration of populations in five counties,a new level of district was added to form the administrative system of province,counties and cities,district,and township. This is an important marker of Chinese government’s resumption of exercise of sovereignty and implementation of governance over Taiwan.