全固废充填材料在高海拔寒区矿山应用研究

Feasibility study on the application of whole solid waste filling materials at the mines in the high altitude cold areas

为了解决高寒高海拔地区矿山尾矿处置成本高、处置率低带来的安全和环境问题,研究了“钢渣—矿渣—脱硫石膏—精炼渣”四元固废充填材料在高海拔寒区矿山的适用性。以西藏某铜矿充填采矿为案例,通过实验研究全固废充填材料低温下固结的技术可行性,通过分析原料成本、运输成本、环境收益和充填工艺成本等估算经济可行性。研究结果表明,全固废充填材料5℃条件下养护28 d的单轴抗压强度可达1.22~1.46 MPa,塌落度达到192~225 mm,满足高寒高海拔地区矿山充填需求;全固废胶凝材料成本为193元/t,运输成本210元/t,环境效益106元/t。在胶砂比18情况下,采用全固废胶凝材料进行尾砂处置的成本可达50元/t,是水泥处置尾砂成本的1/3。首次研究了“钢渣-矿渣-脱硫石膏-精炼渣”四元固废基胶凝体系在高寒地区矿山充填的应用,研究成果可为降低高海拔寒区尾砂处置成本提供指导。

In order to solve the safety and environmental problems caused by the high disposal cost and low disposal rate of mine tailings in high altitude cold areas.This paper studies the applicability of"steel slag-slag-desulfurized gypsum-refining slag"quaternary solid waste filling material in mines in high altitude cold regions.A backfill copper mine in Tibet was taken as a case study.The technical feasibility study on the consolidation of solid waste backfill materials at low temperatures was carried out through lab scale experiments.The economic assessment of the technology application was carried out by analyzing the cost of raw materials,transportation costs,environmental benefits,and the cost of the backfill process.The results show that the uniaxial compressive strength of the whole solid waste filling material reaches 1.22-1.46 MPa after being cured at 5℃for 28 days.The slumps of the filling materials are 192 to 225 mm,which meet the requirements of back and fill at the mines in the high altitude cold areas.The cost of raw materials,transportation cost,and environmental benefits are 193,210,and 106 CNY/t,respectively.When the cement to tailing ratio is 18,the cost of tailings disposal using cementitious materials composited of whole solid wastes is 50 CNY/t,which is 1/3 of that using P.O.cement.This paper is the first to study the application of the"steel slag-slag-desulfurized gypsum-refining slag"quaternary solid waste-based cementitious system in mine filling in alpine regions.The research results of this paper can provide guidance for reducing the cost of tailings disposal in high-altitude cold regions.