运动对抑郁症的影响及其神经生物学机制研究进展

Research Progress on the Effect of Exercise and Neurobiological Mechanism on Depression

运动早已被研究证实可有效预防或治疗抑郁症,并已成为许多研究者推荐的抑郁症干预方法,但缺乏对既往有关抑郁症的运动干预方法的研究成果的有效整合,且目前各国仍缺乏统一的临床运动疗法指南。本文系统、全面地探讨了运动对抑郁症的影响,包括运动类型、强度、频率和运动量等因素对不同人群抑郁症的干预效果,并通过梳理相关文献,总结了抑郁症的发生及运动抗抑郁的神经生物学机制。本文表明在抑郁症的运动干预中,有氧运动是最常选用的运动类型,运动强度通常为中等强度到高强度,高频率和高剂量是推荐采用的运动频率和运动量;运动抗抑郁的神经生物学机制主要为其可以改善中枢神经系统组织的形态结构、提高一系列神经营养因子的水平,从而增强神经元可塑性并改善神经分泌系统功能,减少神经炎性反应和氧化性应激对脑组织造成的损伤。本文能够为我国抑郁症临床运动处方的制订和实施提供一定的参考,并为运动抗抑郁研究的深入开展提供借鉴。

Exercise has been confirmed by most studies to be effective in preventing and treating depression,and has become a recommended treatment by many researchers.However,previous research results on exercise interventions for depression have not been effectively integrated,and there is still a lack of uniform clinical exercise therapy guidelines across countries.In this paper,we systematically and comprehensively discussed the effects of exercise on depression,including the effects of exercise types,intensities,frequencies,and amounts of exercise on the efficacy of depression interventions in different populations,and summarized the neurobiological mechanisms involved in the development of depression as well as the antidepressant effects of exercise by sorting out relevant literature.This paper shows that in exercise interventions for depression,aerobic exercise is the most frequently chosen type of exercise,the intensity of which is usually moderate to high intensity,and the frequency and amount of exercise are recommended at high frequency and dosage.The neurobiological mechanisms of exercise resistance to depression are mainly that exercise can improve the morphological structure of central nervous system tissue,increase the levels of a series of neurotrophic factors,thereby enhancing neuronal plasticity,and improve the function of the neurosecretory system,reducing damage to brain tissue caused by neuroinflammatory responses and oxidative stress.This paper can provide a certain reference for the development and implementation of clinical exercise prescription for depression in China,and draw on the in-depth development of exercise antidepressant research.