知觉的认知渗透性的两个关键辩护

Two Key Justifications of Cognitive Penetrability of Perception

知觉的认知渗透性是认知科学近年来讨论的焦点之一。福多试图论证知觉模块具有信息封装性,反驳知觉的认知渗透性,为理论中立的经验提供辩护,消解不可通约性问题。人类学的发现表明,错觉是后天习得的。心理学和计算机科学的发展则说明,非模块化的神经网络同样具有高效的计算效率,心理计算主义原则并不对知觉的认知渗透性构成挑战。知觉的认知渗透性不仅是可能的,而且是必要的。预测编码理论为知觉的认知渗透性提供了一种新的解释框架,为各种错觉现象提供了一个更全面、更深入的统一机制说明,也说明了具有认知渗透性的知觉系统为何拥有更高的计算效率,为知觉的认知渗透性提供了更有力的辩护。知觉编码理论为认知科学和心智哲学提供了新的研究范式,但激进的神经表征主义是需要警惕的。

Cognitive penetrability of perception is one of the focal points in cognitive science.Jerry Fodor proposes that the perceptual modules are informational encapsulated rather than cognitive penetrable,andthe perceptual processcan produce theoretically neutral perceptual experience.However,recent studies have shown that Fodor’s refutation against cognitive penetrability is not valid.Anthropological findings suggest that perceptual illusions are learned,and new developments in cognitive science suggest that unencapsulated neural networks are equally efficient at computing speed.In recent years,predictive coding provides a new interpretation framework for the information processing of perception and provides a deeper mechanism and a more comprehensive justification for the cognitive penetrability of perception,which meet the requirements of computational efficiency of psychological computationism.Though perceptual coding theory offers a new research paradigm for cognitive science and philosophy of mind,we should be alert against radical neurorepresentationism.