论埃里克·赖特的当代资本主义批判理论

On Eric Wright’s Critical Theory of Contemporary Capitalism

埃里克·赖特在传统马克思主义批判理论和阶级理论的基础上,结合当代西方平等主义和社会学的分析方法,建构出了以阶级利益和道德规范相结合的当代资本主义批判理论,并据此指出不平等和不民主是当代发达资本主义社会最大的不正义,将对当代资本主义的批判从经济领域扩展到道德领域。赖特的批判理论一方面坚持了马克思从阶级剥削角度对资本主义制度批判的基础,另一方面规避了新自由主义和新左派无法从资本主义内部对当代资本主义进行批判的困境。但是,赖特的批判理论也存在过于理想化以及具有修正主义、改良主义倾向的问题。

On the basis of traditional Marxist critical theory and class theory,Eric Wright combines contemporary Western egalitarian and sociological analysis methods to construct a contemporary capitalist critical theory that integrates class interests and moral values.Based on this,he points out that inequality and undemocracy are the greatest injustices in contemporary developed capitalist societies,thus extending the criticism of contemporary capitalism from the economic field to the moral field.On the one hand,Wright’s critical theory adheres to the basis of Marx’s critique of the capitalist system from the perspective of class exploitation,and on the other hand circumvents the dilemma that neoliberalism and the new left can’t criticize contemporary capitalism from within capitalism.However,Wright’s critical theory is also too idealistic and shows a tendency of revisionism and reformism.