轻罪扩张的现实困境与应然路径

Realistic Dilemma and Appropriate Paths of Misdemeanor Expansion

积极立法、增设轻罪未必就是象征性、回应性、情绪性立法。轻罪扩张并不必然违背法益保护原则与刑法谦抑性,而具有填补法律空白、加强人权保障、培养公民守法意识的现实意义,是刑法积极参与社会治理的表现。但是,大量增设轻罪既会导致案件数量增加、办案压力增大继而加剧案多人少之司法态势,又必然导致有罪人口增加、犯罪标签泛化。因此,有必要探索轻罪扩张背景下的应然路径,在刑事程序法上要完善犯罪记录封存制度、建立“漏斗式”的刑事司法体制,在刑事实体法上,要建立前科消灭制度、坚守实质解释立场。

Positive legislation and addition of misdemeanors are not necessarily symbolic,responsive and emo⁃tional legislation.The expansion of misdemeanors does not necessarily violate the principle of protecting legal inter⁃ests and the modesty of criminal law,but has the practical significance of filling legal gaps,strengthening human rights protection and cultivating citizens'law-abiding consciousness,which is the manifestation of criminal law's ac⁃tive participation in social governance.However,too much addition of misdemeanors will not only increase the num⁃ber of cases,increase the pressure of handling cases and aggravate the judicial situation of too many cases and too few staff,but also inevitably lead to the increase of the guilty population and the generalization of criminal labels.Therefore,it is necessary to explore the appropriate path of misdemeanor expansion.It is suggested to perfect the criminal record sealing system and establish a funnel criminal justice system like a funnel in the criminal procedure law,and establish the system of eliminating criminal record and stick to the position of substantial interpretation in the criminal substantive law.