科技创新的刑事风险类别与刑法介入的限度

The Criminal Risk Categories of Scientific Technological Innovation and the Limitation of Criminal Law Intervention

科技创新是社会发展的重要动力。虽然科技创新总是伴随着一定的风险,但是不能就此“因噎废食”,否定科技创新的重要性。通过刑法规制科技创新风险的行为,目前在国内外并不少见。从理论层面考察,一方面,为了促进科学技术的不断发展,刑法是维护科研秩序的最后手段;另一方面,也为了规范科技创新的行为,在刑法介入规制时,对不同的风险类别,进一步明确刑法规制的限度。具体来说,对正当的科技创新所产生的风险可以通过被容许的危险理论予以正当化;对那些尚无刑法规定的滥用科学技术的行为,可以通过增设相应的罪名来予以完善,对科技创新成果应用所产生的刑事风险,也应区分不同的情况予以应对。

Science and technology are an important driving force for social development.Although scientific and technological innovation is always accompanied by certain risks,the importance of scientific and technological innovation should not be denied as“giving up eating for choking”.It is not rare at home and abroad to regulate scientific and technological innovation through criminal law.From the theoretical point of view,criminal law is the last means to maintain the order of scientific research.In the meanwhile,in order to regulate the behavior of scientific and technological innovation,it is necessary to further clarify the limits of criminal law regulation for different risk categories if criminal law is involved in regulating scientific and technological innovation.Specifically,the risks arising from legitimate scientific and technological innovation can be justified by the permissibe risk theory.For those acts of abusing science and technology which are not yet covered in the criminal law,corresponding charges can be supplemented to regulate corresponding behavior.The criminal risks arising from the application of scientific and technological innovation achievements should also be assessed with discrimination.